Python实现mysql数据库中的SQL文件生成和导入
发布时间：2023-11-11 15:30
1、将mysql数据导出到SQL文件中（数据库存在的情况）
主要需要修改数据库的相关信息，端口号、用户名、密码等
其中数据库得存在，不然会报错 ：
![\"Python实现mysql数据库中的SQL文件生成和导入_第1张图片\"](\"https://img.it610.com/image/info11/6f6bd114ca534ab598abb89bcb180a47.png\")
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @description:导出数据库文件sql
import os
class InitSql(object):
sql_file = \"A.sql\"
def import_server_db(self):
mysqldump_commad_dict = {\'dumpcommad\': \'mysqldump \', \'server\': \'localhost\', \'user\': \'root\',
\'password\': \'root\', \'port\': 3306, \'db\': \'studentmanagersystem\'}
# mysqldump 命令
sqlfromat = \"mysqldump --column-statistics=0 -h%s -u%s -p%s -P%s %s > %s\"
# 生成相应的sql语句
sql = (sqlfromat % (mysqldump_commad_dict[\'server\'],
mysqldump_commad_dict[\'user\'],
mysqldump_commad_dict[\'password\'],
mysqldump_commad_dict[\'port\'],
mysqldump_commad_dict[\'db\'],
self.sql_file))
print(\"执行的导出数据库的sql：\" + sql)
result = os.system(sql)
return result
if __name__ == \'__main__\':
initSql = InitSql()
initSql.import_server_db()
生成的sql文件如下所示：
-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 8.0.29, for Win64 (x86_64) -- -- Host: localhost Database: studentmanagersystem -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 8.0.29 /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!50503 SET NAMES utf8mb4 */; /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=\'+00:00\' */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE=\'NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO\' */; /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */; -- -- Table structure for table `studenttable` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `studenttable`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!50503 SET character_set_client = utf8mb4 */; CREATE TABLE `studenttable` ( `number` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL, `name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL, `sex` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL, `classes` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL, `floor` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL, `room` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL, `tel` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL, `money` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`number`) USING BTREE ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `studenttable` -- LOCK TABLES `studenttable` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `studenttable` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `studenttable` VALUES (\'2201\',\'刘同学\',\'男\',\'1班\',\'A1\',\'101\',\'1112\',\'30\'),(\'2202\',\'张同学\',\'男\',\'2班\',\'A2\',\'211\',\'1121\',\'13\'),(\'2203\',\'管同学\',\'女\',\'2班\',\'A3\',\'121\',\'1122\',\'11\'),(\'2204\',\'管同学\',\'女\',\'2班\',\'A3\',\'121\',\'1122\',\'11\'),(\'2205\',\'刘同学\',\'女\',\'2班\',\'A3\',\'121\',\'1122\',\'11\'),(\'2206\',\'张同学\',\'男\',\'2班\',\'A2\',\'211\',\'1121\',\'13\'),(\'2208\',\'杨同学\',\'男\',\'1班\',\'A1\',\'101\',\'1112\',\'30\'),(\'2209\',\'蔡同学\',\'男\',\'1班\',\'A1\',\'101\',\'1112\',\'30\'); /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `studenttable` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */; /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */; /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */; /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */; -- Dump completed on 2022-06-05 0:30:03
2、将现有的sql文件数据导入到数据库中（前提数据库存在）
这里的话其实就是将SQL文件进行分割成一条条SQL语句，然后顺序执行即可
import pymysql
from pathlib import Path
class ConnectMsql:
def __init__(self, host=\'localhost\', port=3306, user=\'root\',
password=\'root\', database=\"studentmanagersystem\", filename: str = \"studenttable.sql\"):
\"\"\"
:param host: 域名
:param port: 端口
:param user: 用户名
:param password: 密码
:param database: 数据库名
:param filename: 文件名称
\"\"\"
self._host: str = host
self._port: int = port
self._user: str = user
self._password: str = password
self._database: str = database
self._file_path = Path(__file__).parent.joinpath(filename)
def _show_databases_and_create(self):
\"\"\"
查询数据库是否存在，不存在则进行新建操作
:return:
\"\"\"
connection = pymysql.connect(host=self._host, port=self._port, user=self._user, password=self._password,
cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
with connection:
with connection.cursor() as cursor:
cursor.execute(\'show databases;\')
result = cursor.fetchall()
results = self._database not in tuple(x[\"Database\"] for x in result)
if results:
with connection.cursor() as cursor:
cursor.execute(f\'create database {self._database};\')
with connection.cursor() as cursor:
cursor.execute(\'show databases;\')
result = cursor.fetchall()
results = self._database in tuple(x[\"Database\"] for x in result)
return results if results else result
else:
return True
def _export_databases_data(self):
\"\"\"
读取.sql文件，解析处理后，执行sql语句
:return:
\"\"\"
if self._show_databases_and_create() is True:
connection = pymysql.connect(host=self._host, port=self._port, user=self._user, password=self._password,
database=self._database, charset=\'utf8\')
# 读取sql文件，并提取出sql语句
results, results_list = \"\", []
with open(self._file_path, mode=\"r+\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as r:
for sql in r.readlines():
# 去除数据中的“\\n”和“\\r”字符
sql = sql.replace(\"\\n\", \"\").replace(\"\\r\", \"\")
# 获取不是“--”开头且不是“--”结束的数据
if not sql.startswith(\"--\") and not sql.endswith(\"--\"):
# 获取不是“--”的数据
if not sql.startswith(\"--\"):
results = results + sql
# 根据“;”分割数据，处理后插入列表中
for i in results.split(\";\"):
if i.startswith(\"/*\"):
results_list.append(i.split(\"*/\")[1] + \";\")
# print(i.split(\"*/\")[1] + \";\")
else:
results_list.append(i + \";\")
# print(i + \";\")
# 执行sql语句
with connection:
with connection.cursor() as cursor:
# 循环获取sql语句
for x in results_list[:-1]:
if x != \";\":
print(x)
# 执行sql语句
cursor.execute(x)
# 提交事务
connection.commit()
else:
return \"sql全部语句执行成功 ！\"
@property
def sql_run(self):
\"\"\"
执行方法
:return:
\"\"\"
return self._export_databases_data()
if __name__ == \'__main__\':
res = ConnectMsql().sql_run
print(res)
利用Navicat软件可视化数据库，可以看到导入SQL文件成功
![\"Python实现mysql数据库中的SQL文件生成和导入_第2张图片\"](\"https://img.it610.com/image/info11/0d866c24e505462aac4d3199e89e2edd.png\")
3、利用Navicat导出SQL文件和导入SQL文件
1）从数据库导出SQL文件
选择需要导出的数据表——右键——转储为SQL文件——数据和结构
这样就可以将数据表的结构和数据都一起保存在SQL文件中
2）导入SQL文件到数据库
右键选中需要导入的数据库——运行SQL文件
![\"Python实现mysql数据库中的SQL文件生成和导入_第3张图片\"](\"https://img.it610.com/image/info11/d1445620836d44a88ce910c08ff76e31.png\")
点击开始后，即开始运行SQL文件，出现下述字样表明导入SQL文件成功
![\"Python实现mysql数据库中的SQL文件生成和导入_第4张图片\"](\"https://img.it610.com/image/info11/da4d9ec8332d4ce692d845d6f7975860.png\")
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