Vue3实战教程(快速入门)

发布时间:2023-12-06 12:30

前言

本教程通过搭建一个简单项目,帮助读者快速入门Vue3项目实战,掌握Vue3、TS、Element Plus、axios等技术栈。

1.搭建脚手架

vue -V查看vue版本,需要在4.5.1版本之后,即可进行以下操作。

1.1 创建项目

(1)使用命令 vue create vue3-elementplus-demo 创建Vue项目。
(2)进入选项配置,选择 Manually select features,进行手动配置

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(3)配置项如下
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都选择完毕后,回车,项目即可创建完毕,使用VsCode或者按照提示进入和启动项目
\"在这里插入图片描述\"
\"在这里插入图片描述\"
\"在这里插入图片描述\"

1.2 清除多余文件,创建干净项目

(1)删除以下文件
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(2)在views目录下创建Index.vue文件(后面处于方便,又将Index.vue修改成了Home.vue),内容如下:
\"在这里插入图片描述\"

<template>
  <div>首页</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'Index'
}
</script>
<style scoped></style>

(3)修改router/index.ts路由文件:
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import { createRouter, createWebHistory, RouteRecordRaw } from 'vue-router'
import Home from '../views/Home.vue'

const routes: Array<RouteRecordRaw> = [
  {
    path: '/',
    name: 'Index',
    component: () => import('../views/Index.vue')
  },
]

const router = createRouter({
  history: createWebHistory(process.env.BASE_URL),
  routes
})

export default router

(4)修改App文件:
\"在这里插入图片描述\"

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <router-view />
  </div>
</template>

<style>
html,
body,
#app {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}
</style>

修改完毕后,查看效果
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(5)新建css/resset.css文件(上网搜关键词reset.css就有),并在index.html文件中引入,初始化样式
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/**
 * Eric Meyer's Reset CSS v2.0 (http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/)
 * http://cssreset.com
 */
 
 html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe,
 h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre,
 a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code,
 del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp,
 small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var,
 b, u, i, center,
 dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
 fieldset, form, label, legend,
 table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td,
 article, aside, canvas, details, embed, 
 figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup, 
 menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary,
 time, mark, audio, video{
   margin: 0;
   padding: 0;
   border: 0;
   font-size: 100%;
   font: inherit;
   font-weight: normal;
   vertical-align: baseline;
 }
 /* HTML5 display-role reset for older browsers */
 article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, 
 footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section{
   display: block;
 }
 ol, ul, li{
   list-style: none;
 }
 blockquote, q{
   quotes: none;
 }
 blockquote:before, blockquote:after,
 q:before, q:after{
   content: '';
   content: none;
 }
 table{
   border-collapse: collapse;
   border-spacing: 0;
 }
  
 /* custom */
 a{
   color: #7e8c8d;
   text-decoration: none;
   -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;
 }
 ::-webkit-scrollbar{
   width: 5px;
   height: 5px;
 }
 ::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece{
   background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
   -webkit-border-radius: 6px;
 }
 ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:vertical{
   height: 5px;
   background-color: rgba(125, 125, 125, 0.7);
   -webkit-border-radius: 6px;
 }
 ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:horizontal{
   width: 5px;
   background-color: rgba(125, 125, 125, 0.7);
   -webkit-border-radius: 6px;
 }
 html, body{
   width: 100%;
   font-family: "Arial", "Microsoft YaHei", "黑体", "宋体", "微软雅黑", sans-serif;
 }
 body{
   line-height: 1;
   -webkit-text-size-adjust: none;
   -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);
 }
 html{
   overflow-y: scroll;
 }
  
 /*清除浮动*/
 .clearfix:before,
 .clearfix:after{
   content: " ";
   display: inline-block;
   height: 0;
   clear: both;
   visibility: hidden;
 }
 .clearfix{
   *zoom: 1;
 }
  
 /*隐藏*/
 .dn{
   display: none;
 }

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\"在这里插入图片描述\"

1.3 创建登录页面

创建LoginRegister.vue文件:
\"在这里插入图片描述\"

<template>
  <div class="container">
    <!-- form表单容器 -->
    <div class="form-container">
      <div class="signin-signup">
        <!-- 登录 -->
        <h1>登录</h1>
        <!-- 注册 -->
        <h1>注册</h1>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'LoginRegister'
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.container {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 100vh;
  background-color: #fff;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.form-container {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}
.signin-signup {
  position: relative;
  top: 50%;
  left: 75%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  width: 44%;
  transition: 1s 0.7s ease-in-out;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  z-index: 5;
}
</style>

在路由中引入
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查看效果:
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2.创建404页面(引入sass)

2.1 引入sass

(1)查看当前node版本
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(2)引入对应版本的node-sass和sass-load
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当前已知 node-sass 与 node 版本对应如下:https://github.com/sass/node-sass
\"在这里插入图片描述\"
node-sass 和 sass-loader 的常见版本对应关系如下:

node-sasssass-loader
4.3.04.1.1
4.7.2$7.0.3/7.3.1
6.0.110.0.1

(3)如果引入出现了问题,基本上就是node版本和sass版本不一致导致。此时需要创建一个新项目,将新项目中的package.json和package-lock.json复制到当前项目中,然后重新 npm i 即可。

2.2 创建404页面

(1)assets下创建img文件夹,加入404.gif
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(2)创建404.vue
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<template>
  <div class="not-found">
    <img src="../assets/img/404.gif" alt="" />
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: '404'
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.not-found {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
  }
}
</style>

(3)router/index.ts中通过正则表达式匹配匹配失败的路由为404页面
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\"在这里插入图片描述\"

3.构建登录注册页面(引入element-plus)

3.1 实现布局左右切换动画

因为本篇文章主要讲解的是Vue3和element-plus的用法,css部分就省略说明,有兴趣的同学可以自行研究。
\"在这里插入图片描述\"
\"在这里插入图片描述\"

<template>
  <div class="container" :class="{ 'sign-up-mode': signUpMode }">
    <!-- form表单容器 -->
    <div class="form-container">
      <div class="signin-signup">
        <!-- 登录 -->
        <h1>登录</h1>
        <!-- 注册 -->
        <h1>注册</h1>
      </div>
    </div>
    <!-- 左右切换动画 -->
    <div class="panels-container">
      <div class="panel left-panel">
        <div class="content">
          <h3>Row,row,row your boat</h3>
          <p>Gentlely down the stream</p>
          <button @click="signUpMode = !signUpMode" class="btn transparent">
            注册
          </button>
        </div>
        <!-- <img src="@/assets" alt=""> -->
      </div>
      <div class="panel right-panel">
        <div class="content">
          <h3>Merrily,merrily,merrily,merrily,</h3>
          <p>Life is but a dream</p>
          <button @click="signUpMode = !signUpMode" class="btn transparent">
            登录
          </button>
        </div>
        <!-- <img src="@/assets" alt=""> -->
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { ref } from 'vue'
export default {
  name: 'LoginRegister',
  components: {},
  // Vue3语法糖
  // Vue2是通过data和methods传递数据和方法
  // Vue3将data和methods直接耦合在了一起
  setup() {
    // 登录/注册模式
    const signUpMode = ref(false)

    return { signUpMode }
  }
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.container {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 100vh;
  background-color: #fff;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.form-container {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}
.signin-signup {
  position: relative;
  top: 50%;
  left: 75%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  width: 44%;
  transition: 1s 0.7s ease-in-out;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  z-index: 5;
}

/* 左右切换动画 */
.social-text {
  padding: 0.7rem 0;
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.social-media {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
}

.social-icon {
  height: 46px;
  width: 46px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0 0.45rem;
  color: #333;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1px solid #333;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  transition: 0.3s;
}

.social-icon:hover {
  color: #4481eb;
  border-color: #4481eb;
}

.btn {
  width: 150px;
  background-color: #5995fd;
  border: none;
  outline: none;
  height: 49px;
  border-radius: 49px;
  color: #fff;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin: 10px 0;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: 0.5s;
}

.btn:hover {
  background-color: #4d84e2;
}
.panels-container {
  position: absolute;
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
}

.container:before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  height: 2000px;
  width: 2000px;
  top: -10%;
  right: 48%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  background-image: linear-gradient(-45deg, #4481eb 0%, #04befe 100%);
  transition: 1.8s ease-in-out;
  border-radius: 50%;
  z-index: 6;
}

.image {
  width: 100%;
  transition: transform 1.1s ease-in-out;
  transition-delay: 0.4s;
}

.panel {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-end;
  justify-content: space-around;
  text-align: center;
  z-index: 6;
}

.left-panel {
  pointer-events: all;
  padding: 3rem 17% 2rem 12%;
}

.right-panel {
  pointer-events: none;
  padding: 3rem 12% 2rem 17%;
}

.panel .content {
  color: #fff;
  transition: transform 0.9s ease-in-out;
  transition-delay: 0.6s;
}

.panel h3 {
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.panel p {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  padding: 0.7rem 0;
}

.btn.transparent {
  margin: 0;
  background: none;
  border: 2px solid #fff;
  width: 130px;
  height: 41px;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.right-panel .image,
.right-panel .content {
  transform: translateX(800px);
}

/* ANIMATION */

.container.sign-up-mode:before {
  transform: translate(100%, -50%);
  right: 52%;
}

.container.sign-up-mode .left-panel .image,
.container.sign-up-mode .left-panel .content {
  transform: translateX(-800px);
}

.container.sign-up-mode .signin-signup {
  left: 25%;
}

.container.sign-up-mode form.sign-up-form {
  opacity: 1;
  z-index: 2;
}

.container.sign-up-mode form.sign-in-form {
  opacity: 0;
  z-index: 1;
}

.container.sign-up-mode .right-panel .image,
.container.sign-up-mode .right-panel .content {
  transform: translateX(0%);
}

.container.sign-up-mode .left-panel {
  pointer-events: none;
}

.container.sign-up-mode .right-panel {
  pointer-events: all;
}

@media (max-width: 870px) {
  .container {
    min-height: 800px;
    height: 100vh;
  }
  .signin-signup {
    width: 100%;
    top: 95%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -100%);
    transition: 1s 0.8s ease-in-out;
  }

  .signin-signup,
  .container.sign-up-mode .signin-signup {
    left: 50%;
  }

  .panels-container {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    grid-template-rows: 1fr 2fr 1fr;
  }

  .panel {
    flex-direction: row;
    justify-content: space-around;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 2.5rem 8%;
    grid-column: 1 / 2;
  }

  .right-panel {
    grid-row: 3 / 4;
  }

  .left-panel {
    grid-row: 1 / 2;
  }

  .image {
    width: 200px;
    transition: transform 0.9s ease-in-out;
    transition-delay: 0.6s;
  }

  .panel .content {
    padding-right: 15%;
    transition: transform 0.9s ease-in-out;
    transition-delay: 0.8s;
  }

  .panel h3 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }

  .panel p {
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
  }

  .btn.transparent {
    width: 110px;
    height: 35px;
    font-size: 0.7rem;
  }

  .container:before {
    width: 1500px;
    height: 1500px;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    left: 30%;
    bottom: 68%;
    right: initial;
    top: initial;
    transition: 2s ease-in-out;
  }

  .container.sign-up-mode:before {
    transform: translate(-50%, 100%);
    bottom: 32%;
    right: initial;
  }

  .container.sign-up-mode .left-panel .image,
  .container.sign-up-mode .left-panel .content {
    transform: translateY(-300px);
  }

  .container.sign-up-mode .right-panel .image,
  .container.sign-up-mode .right-panel .content {
    transform: translateY(0px);
  }

  .right-panel .image,
  .right-panel .content {
    transform: translateY(300px);
  }

  .container.sign-up-mode .signin-signup {
    top: 5%;
    transform: translate(-50%, 0);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 570px) {
  form {
    padding: 0 1.5rem;
  }

  .image {
    display: none;
  }
  .panel .content {
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  }
  .container {
    padding: 1.5rem;
  }

  .container:before {
    bottom: 72%;
    left: 50%;
  }

  .container.sign-up-mode:before {
    bottom: 28%;
    left: 50%;
  }
}

/* 控制login & register显示 */
form {
  padding: 0rem 5rem;
  transition: all 0.2s 0.7s;
  overflow: hidden;
}

form.sign-in-form {
  z-index: 2;
}

form.sign-up-form {
  opacity: 0;
  z-index: 1;
}

/* register */
.loginForm,
.registerForm {
  margin-top: 20px;
  background-color: #fff;
  padding: 20px 40px 20px 20px;
  border-radius: 5px;
  box-shadow: 0px 5px 10px #cccc;
}

.submit-btn {
  width: 100%;
}
.tiparea {
  text-align: right;
  font-size: 12px;
  color: #333;
  width: 100%;
}
.tiparea a {
  color: #409eff;
}
</style>

3.2 引入element-plus

(1)下载element-plus包:

npm i element-plus

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(2)在main.ts中引入
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3.3 使用element-plus表单组件

(1)setup中加入登录表单loginUser

setup() {
    // 登录/注册模式
    const signUpMode = ref(false)
    // 登录表单
    const loginUser = reactive({
      email: '',
      password: ''
    })
    return { signUpMode, loginUser }
  }

(2)使用表单组件
\"在这里插入图片描述\"

<!-- 登录 -->
<el-form
  :model="loginUser"
  label-width="100px"
  class="login-form sign-in-form"
>
  <el-form-item label="邮箱" prop="email">
    <el-input v-model="loginUser.email" placeholder="Enter Email..." />
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item label="密码" prop="password">
    <el-input
      v-model="loginUser.password"
      type="password"
      placeholder="Enter Password..."
    />
  </el-form-item>
  <el-form-item>
    <el-button type="primary" class="submit-btn">提交</el-button>
  </el-form-item>
  <!-- 找回密码 -->
  <el-form-item>
    <p class="tiparea">忘记密码<a>立即找回</a></p>
  </el-form-item>
</el-form>

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3.4 表单验证

(1)表单验证
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关键代码:

// 校验规则
const rules = reactive({
  email: [
    {
      required: true,
      type: 'email',
      message: 'email格式错误',
      trigger: 'blur'
    }
  ],
  password: [
    { required: true, message: '密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' },
    { min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' }
  ]
})

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(2)点击提交触发表单验证
\"在这里插入图片描述\"
关键代码:

<template>
  <div class="container" :class="{ 'sign-up-mode': signUpMode }">
    <!-- form表单容器 -->
    <div class="form-container">
      <div class="signin-signup">
        <!-- 登录 -->
        <el-form
          :model="loginUser"
          :rules="rules"
          ref="loginForm"
          label-width="100px"
          class="login-form sign-in-form"
        >
          <el-form-item label="邮箱" prop="email">
            <el-input v-model="loginUser.email" placeholder="Enter Email..." />
          </el-form-item>
          <el-form-item label="密码" prop="password">
            <el-input
              v-model="loginUser.password"
              type="password"
              placeholder="Enter Password..."
            />
          </el-form-item>
          <el-form-item>
            <el-button
              @click="handleLogin('loginForm')"
              type="primary"
              class="submit-btn"
              >提交</el-button
            >
          </el-form-item>
          <!-- 找回密码 -->
          <el-form-item>
            <p class="tiparea">忘记密码<a>立即找回</a></p>
          </el-form-item>
        </el-form>
        <!-- 注册 -->
        <!-- <h1>注册</h1> -->
      </div>
    </div>
    <!-- 左右切换动画 -->
    <div class="panels-container">
      <div class="panel left-panel">
        <div class="content">
          <h3>Row,row,row your boat</h3>
          <p>Gentlely down the stream</p>
          <button @click="signUpMode = !signUpMode" class="btn transparent">
            注册
          </button>
        </div>
        <!-- <img src="@/assets" alt=""> -->
      </div>
      <div class="panel right-panel">
        <div class="content">
          <h3>Merrily,merrily,merrily,merrily,</h3>
          <p>Life is but a dream</p>
          <button @click="signUpMode = !signUpMode" class="btn transparent">
            登录
          </button>
        </div>
        <!-- <img src="@/assets" alt=""> -->
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { ref, reactive, getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'
export default {
  name: 'LoginRegister',
  components: {},
  // Vue3语法糖
  // Vue2是通过data和methods传递数据和方法
  // Vue3将data和methods直接耦合在了一起
  setup() {
    // 通过解构getCurrentInstance,获取this,这里的this就是ctx
    const { ctx } = getCurrentInstance()
    // 登录/注册模式
    const signUpMode = ref(false)
    // 登录表单
    const loginUser = reactive({
      email: '',
      password: ''
    })
    // 校验规则
    const rules = reactive({
      email: [
        {
          required: true,
          type: 'email',
          message: 'email格式错误',
          trigger: 'blur'
        }
      ],
      password: [
        { required: true, message: '密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' },
        { min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' }
      ]
    })
    // 触发登录方法
    const handleLogin = (formName) => {
      console.log(ctx)
      ctx.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
        if (valid) {
          console.log('submit!')
        } else {
          console.log('error submit!')
          return false
        }
      })
    }
    return { signUpMode, loginUser, rules, handleLogin }
  }
}
</script>

点击提交,完成验证:
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4.类型匹配和代码抽离

4.1 代码抽离

创建utils文件夹和loginValidators.ts文件,将LoginRegister.vue中的loginUser和rules剪切抽离到该文件中,LoginRegister.vue再通过import导入。测试正常运行。
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loginValidators.ts

import { ref, reactive  } from 'vue'

// 登录表单
export const loginUser = reactive({
  email: '',
  password: ''
})

// 校验规则
export const rules = reactive({
  email: [
    {
      required: true,
      type: 'email',
      message: 'email格式错误',
      trigger: 'blur'
    }
  ],
  password: [
    { required: true, message: '密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' },
    { min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' }
  ]
})

4.2 类型匹配

4.2.1 ts文件类型匹配

将鼠标悬浮在 loginUserreactive 上,可以看到对应的类型提示,写入interface User 并复制提示。rules重复操作。
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import { ref, reactive  } from 'vue'

interface User{
  email: string;
  password: string;
}

// 登录表单
export const loginUser = reactive<User>({
  email: '',
  password: ''
})

interface Rules{
  email: {
      required: boolean;
      type: string;
      message: string;
      trigger: string;
  }[];
  password: ({
      required: boolean;
      message: string;
      trigger: string;
      min?: undefined;
      max?: undefined;
  } | {
      min: number;
      max: number;
      message: string;
      trigger: string;
      required?: undefined;
  })[];
}

// 校验规则
export const rules = reactive<Rules>({
  email: [
    {
      required: true,
      type: 'email',
      message: 'email格式错误',
      trigger: 'blur'
    }
  ],
  password: [
    { required: true, message: '密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' },
    { min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' }
  ]
})

此时如果将字段修改为不符合规范的类型,则会有报错提示
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这对于初次使用ts的同学可能不太适应,认为完全没有必要。但是这其实对于大型项目的维护来说,相对比js友好许多。

4.2.2 vue文件中的ts类型匹配

(1)在script标签中加入lang="ts"标识,发现参数都没有类型匹配。
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(2)类型匹配
1、对于any类型的变量——ctx,使用// @ts-ignore进行类型忽略
2、对于其他类型的变量,在变量后加入:类型即可,比如formName:stringvalid:boolean
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5.抽离登录组件

(1)创建组件LoginForm.vue,将LoginRegister.vue中的表单内容(包括组件、数据、方法和样式,顺便对样式做了点优化)复制到该文件中。
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LoginForm

<template>
  <!-- 登录 -->
  <el-form
    :model="loginUser"
    :rules="rules"
    ref="loginForm"
    label-width="100px"
    class="login-form sign-in-form"
  >
    <el-form-item label="邮箱" prop="email">
      <el-input v-model="loginUser.email" placeholder="Enter Email..." />
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item label="密码" prop="password">
      <el-input
        v-model="loginUser.password"
        type="password"
        placeholder="Enter Password..."
      />
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item>
      <el-button
        @click="handleLogin('loginForm')"
        type="primary"
        class="submit-btn"
        >提交</el-button
      >
    </el-form-item>
    <!-- 找回密码 -->
    <el-form-item>
      <p class="tiparea">忘记密码<a>立即找回</a></p>
    </el-form-item>
  </el-form>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'
export default {
  name: 'LoginForm',
  props: {
    loginUser: {
      type: Object,
      required: true
    },
    rules: {
      type: Object,
      required: true
    }
  },
  setup() {
    // 通过解构getCurrentInstance,获取this,这里的this就是ctx
    // @ts-ignore
    const { ctx } = getCurrentInstance()
    // 触发登录方法
    const handleLogin = (formName: string) => {
      console.log(ctx)
      ctx.$refs[formName].validate((valid: boolean) => {
        if (valid) {
          console.log('submit!')
        } else {
          console.log('error submit!')
          return false
        }
      })
    }
    return { handleLogin }
  }
}
</script>
<style scoped>
/* register */
.login-form,
.register-form {
  background-color: #fff;
  padding: 50px 80px 20px 20px;
  border-radius: 5px;
  box-shadow: 0px 5px 10px #cccc;
}

.submit-btn {
  width: 100%;
}
.tiparea {
  text-align: right;
  font-size: 12px;
  color: #333;
  width: 100%;
}
.tiparea a {
  color: #409eff;
}
</style>


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6. 实现注册表单

其实完全可以仿照登录组件的写法,先在LoginRegister.vue中写出form组件,填充form数据,实现表单验证,最后再抽离出来。但是如果已经熟练的话,建议可以直接分为3个部分写完(ts——对应的数据和验证规则,component——组件,vue——引入到父组件中)

6.1 创建注册表单ts——存放注册表单及其验证规则

创建registerValidator.ts文件,用于存放注册表单及其验证规则。
可以先复制之前的loginValidator.ts文件的内容,然后进行修改(注意确认密码password2的验证规则写法)。
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registerValidator.ts

import { reactive  } from 'vue'

interface RegisterUser{
  name:string;
  email: string;
  password: string;
  password2: string;
  role:string
}

// 登录表单
export const registerUser = reactive<RegisterUser>({
  name:'',
  email: '',
  password: '',
  password2: '',
  role:''
})

interface RegisterRules{
  name: {
    required: boolean;
    message: string;
    trigger: string;
}[];
  email: {
      required: boolean;
      type: string;
      message: string;
      trigger: string;
  }[];
  password: ({
      required: boolean;
      message: string;
      trigger: string;
  } | {
      min: number;
      max: number;
      message: string;
      trigger: string;
  })[];
  password2: ({
      required: boolean;
      message: string;
      trigger: string;
  } | {
      min: number;
      max: number;
      message: string;
      trigger: string;
  } | {
    validator:(rule: RegisterRules, value: string, callback: any)=>any;
    trigger:string
  })[];
  role: {
    required: boolean;
    message: string;
    trigger: string;
}[];
}

const validatePass2 = (rule: RegisterRules, value: string, callback: any) => {
  if (value === '') {
    callback(new Error('请再次输入密码'))
  } else if (value !== registerUser.password) {
    callback(new Error("两次输入的密码不一致!"))
  } else {
    callback()
  }
}

// 校验规则
export const registerRules = reactive<RegisterRules>({
  name: [
    {
      required: true,
      message: '用户名不得为空',
      trigger: 'blur'
    }
  ],
  email: [
    {
      required: true,
      type: 'email',
      message: 'email格式错误',
      trigger: 'blur'
    }
  ],
  password: [
    { required: true, message: '密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' },
    { min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' }
  ],
  password2: [
    { required: true, message: '确认密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' },
    { min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' },
    { validator: validatePass2, trigger: 'blur' }
  ],
  role: [
    {
      required: true,
      message: '角色不得为空',
      trigger: 'blur'
    }
  ],
})

完成后将 registerUserregisterRules 引入到LoginRegister.vue中备用。
\"在这里插入图片描述\"

6.2 创建注册表单组件

创建注册表单组件RegisterForm.vue,模仿或者直接复制LoginForm.vue组件,稍作修改(包括样式、数据和方法)
\"在这里插入图片描述\"

<template>
  <!-- 登录 -->
  <el-form
    :model="registerUser"
    :rules="registerRules"
    ref="registerForm"
    label-width="100px"
    class="register-form sign-up-form"
  >
    <el-form-item label="用户名" prop="name">
      <el-input v-model="registerUser.name" placeholder="Enter Name..." />
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item label="邮箱" prop="email">
      <el-input v-model="registerUser.email" placeholder="Enter Email..." />
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item label="密码" prop="password">
      <el-input
        v-model="registerUser.password"
        type="password"
        placeholder="Enter Password..."
      />
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item label="确认密码" prop="password2">
      <el-input
        v-model="registerUser.password2"
        type="password"
        placeholder="Enter Password again..."
      />
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item label="角色" prop="role">
      <el-select v-model="registerUser.role">
        <el-option label="管理员" value="admin"></el-option>
        <el-option label="用户" value="user"></el-option>
        <el-option label="游客" value="visitor"></el-option>
      </el-select>
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item>
      <el-button
        @click="handleRegister('registerForm')"
        type="primary"
        class="submit-btn"
        >提交</el-button
      >
    </el-form-item>
  </el-form>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'
export default {
  name: 'registerForm',
  props: {
    registerUser: {
      type: Object,
      required: true
    },
    registerRules: {
      type: Object,
      required: true
    }
  },
  setup() {
    // 通过解构getCurrentInstance,获取this,这里的this就是ctx
    // @ts-ignore
    const { ctx } = getCurrentInstance()
    // 触发登录方法
    const handleRegister = (formName: string) => {
      console.log(ctx)
      ctx.$refs[formName].validate((valid: boolean) => {
        if (valid) {
          console.log('submit!')
        } else {
          console.log('error submit!')
          return false
        }
      })
    }
    return { handleRegister }
  }
}
</script>
<style scoped>
/* register */
.login-form,
.register-form {
  background-color: #fff;
  padding: 50px 80px 20px 20px;
  border-radius: 5px;
  box-shadow: 0px 5px 10px #cccc;
}

.submit-btn {
  width: 100%;
}
.tiparea {
  text-align: right;
  font-size: 12px;
  color: #333;
  width: 100%;
}
.tiparea a {
  color: #409eff;
}
</style>

6.3 在LoginRegister.vue中引入使用

最后在LoginRegister.vue中引入使用即可
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7. 封装axios

7.1 下载axios

(1)使用命令npm i axios下载axios
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7.2 封装axios

创建utils/http.ts文件,用于封装axios请求(为了避免混乱,所以取名http.ts,不过叫做axios也无不可)。
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http.ts

import axios,{AxiosRequestConfig,AxiosResponse} from 'axios'
import { ElLoading } from 'element-plus'
import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus'

let loading:any;
const startLoading = () =>{
  interface Options{
    lock: boolean;
    text: string;
    background: string;
}
  const options:Options = {
    lock: true,
    text: 'Loading',
    background: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7)'
  }
  loading = ElLoading.service(options)
}
const endLoading = ()=>{
  loading.close()
}


// 请求拦截
axios.interceptors.request.use((config:AxiosRequestConfig<any>)=>{
  // 开始Loading
  startLoading()
  return config
})

// 响应拦截
axios.interceptors.response.use((res:AxiosResponse<any, any>)=>{
  // 结束Loading
  endLoading()
  // console.log('成功响应拦截',res)
  // 如果请求成功直接返回响应数据
  if(res.status === 200){
    return res.data
  }
},error=>{
  // 结束Loading
  endLoading()
  // console.log('失败响应拦截',error)
  const { response: res } = error
  const msg = typeof res.data === 'string' ? res.data: res.data.error || '请求失败,请稍后重试'
  ElMessage.error(msg)
  // 错误提醒
  return Promise.reject(error)
})

export default axios

7.3 解决跨域问题(配置vue.config.js,设置代理)

创建vue.config.js文件,配置如下:
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module.exports = {
  devServer: {
    open: true,
    host: 'localhost',
    port: 8080,
    https: false,
    hotOnly: false,
    // 设置跨域
    proxy: {
      '/api': {
        target: 'http://imissu.herokuapp.com',
        ws: true,
        changeOrigin: true,
        pathRewrite: {
          '^api': ''
        }
      }
    },
    before: (app) => {}
  }
}

7.4 使用axios发起请求

API地址:http://imissu.herokuapp.com/

7.4.1 创建api文件夹,规范使用api(推荐)

(1)创建api/loginRegister.ts,引入axios,规范export注册接口
\"在这里插入图片描述\"

import axios from '@/utils/http'

// 注册接口
export function register(params: any) {
  return axios({
    url: '/api/v1/auth/register',
    method: 'post',
    headers: {
      'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8'
    },
    data: params
  })
}

(2)在注册组件中使用
\"在这里插入图片描述\"

<template>
  <!-- 登录 -->
  <el-form
    :model="registerUser"
    :rules="registerRules"
    ref="registerForm"
    label-width="100px"
    class="register-form sign-up-form"
  >
    <el-form-item label="用户名" prop="name">
      <el-input v-model="registerUser.name" placeholder="Enter Name..." />
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item label="邮箱" prop="email">
      <el-input v-model="registerUser.email" placeholder="Enter Email..." />
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item label="密码" prop="password">
      <el-input
        v-model="registerUser.password"
        type="password"
        placeholder="Enter Password..."
      />
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item label="确认密码" prop="password2">
      <el-input
        v-model="registerUser.password2"
        type="password"
        placeholder="Enter Password again..."
      />
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item label="角色" prop="role">
      <el-select v-model="registerUser.role">
        <el-option label="管理员" value="admin"></el-option>
        <el-option label="用户" value="user"></el-option>
        <el-option label="游客" value="visitor"></el-option>
      </el-select>
    </el-form-item>
    <el-form-item>
      <el-button
        @click="handleRegister('registerForm')"
        type="primary"
        class="submit-btn"
        >提交</el-button
      >
    </el-form-item>
  </el-form>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'
import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
import { register } from '@/api/loginRegister'
// import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus'
export default {
  name: 'registerForm',
  props: {
    registerUser: {
      type: Object,
      required: true
    },
    registerRules: {
      type: Object,
      required: true
    }
  },
  setup(props: any) {
    // 通过解构getCurrentInstance,获取this,这里的this就是ctx
    // @ts-ignore
    const { ctx, proxy } = getCurrentInstance()
    const router = useRouter()
    // 触发登录方法
    const handleRegister = (formName: string) => {
      console.log(ctx)
      ctx.$refs[formName].validate(async (valid: boolean) => {
        if (valid) {
          // const res = await proxy.$http({
          //   url: '/api/v1/auth/register',
          //   method: 'post',
          //   headers: {
          //     'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8'
          //   },
          //   data: props.registerUser
          // })
          const res = await register(props.registerUser)
          proxy.$message.success(res.data)
          router.push('/')
        } else {
          return false
        }
      })
    }
    return { handleRegister }
  }
}
</script>
<style scoped>
/* register */
.login-form,
.register-form {
  background-color: #fff;
  padding: 50px 80px 20px 20px;
  border-radius: 5px;
  box-shadow: 0px 5px 10px #cccc;
}

.submit-btn {
  width: 100%;
}
.tiparea {
  text-align: right;
  font-size: 12px;
  color: #333;
  width: 100%;
}
.tiparea a {
  color: #409eff;
}
</style>

登录功能模仿注册功能即可。

7.4.2 全局注册axios(不推荐,也没必要)

(1)在main.ts中全局挂载axios

import axios from '@/utils/http'
app.config.globalProperties.$http = axios

(2)在注册组件中使用,关键代码:

// @ts-ignore
const { ctx, proxy } = getCurrentInstance()

const res = await proxy.$http({
  url: '/api/v1/auth/register',
  method: 'post',
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8'
  },
  data: props.registerUser
})

(3)不推荐的原因是,随着版本的更替,貌似axios全局挂载的位置也发生了变化,之前是在ctx,之后的版本又换成了proxy;另外一个原因是,这种方式不便于一个接口多处使用,复用性较差。

8.总结

Vue3 和 Vue2 的几个明显的区别:
(1)Vue2使用的选项式API,Vue3使用的是组合式API。前者随着项目页面体积的增大,对于代码的管理会给使用者带来更大的心智负担;后者组合式的写法,将data和methods等组合在一起,更容易理解和使用。不过对于初学者而言,可能会有些不太适应。
(2)Vue2使用的js构建的源码和使用方式,Vue3使用ts构建的源码,使用方式也支持ts,对于大型项目而言,更加友好,不过对于小型项目而言,往往使用者无法一下子看出ts对于强类型支持带来的好处,相反会觉得麻烦和没有必要。
(3)由于该项目是为了简要说明Vue3和Vue2在页面中的区别,方便急于使用Vue3的同学构建项目和页面,所以没有将Vue3更多的特性展示出来。在下一篇文章中,将会通过一个更加完整的项目,对Vue3的更多其他特性以及和Vue2的区别进行深入的解析和说明,敬请期待。

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