Kubernetes（k8s）进阶
发布时间：2024-04-03 15:01
kubctl常用命令
内置kubectl --help
kubectl [选项] --help
kubectl 命令 官方文档
[root@master ~]# kubectl --help
kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.
Find more information at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/
Basic Commands (Beginner):
create Create a resource from a file or from stdin.
expose 使用 replication controller, service, deployment 或者 pod 并暴露它作为一个 新的 Kubernetes Service
run 在集群中运行一个指定的镜像
set 为 objects 设置一个指定的特征
Basic Commands (Intermediate):
explain 查看资源的文档
get 显示一个或更多 resources
edit 在服务器上编辑一个资源
delete Delete resources by filenames, stdin, resources and names, or by resources and label selector
Deploy Commands:
rollout Manage the rollout of a resource
scale Set a new size for a Deployment, ReplicaSet or Replication Controller
autoscale 自动调整一个 Deployment, ReplicaSet, 或者 ReplicationController 的副本数量
Cluster Management Commands:
certificate 修改 certificate 资源.
cluster-info 显示集群信息
top Display Resource (CPU/Memory/Storage) usage.
cordon 标记 node 为 unschedulable
uncordon 标记 node 为 schedulable
drain Drain node in preparation for maintenance
taint 更新一个或者多个 node 上的 taints
Troubleshooting and Debugging Commands:
describe 显示一个指定 resource 或者 group 的 resources 详情
logs 输出容器在 pod 中的日志
attach Attach 到一个运行中的 container
exec 在一个 container 中执行一个命令
port-forward Forward one or more local ports to a pod
proxy 运行一个 proxy 到 Kubernetes API server
cp 复制 files 和 directories 到 containers 和从容器中复制 files 和 directories.
auth Inspect authorization
debug Create debugging sessions for troubleshooting workloads and nodes
Advanced Commands:
diff Diff live version against would-be applied version
apply 通过文件名或标准输入流(stdin)对资源进行配置
patch Update field(s) of a resource
replace 通过 filename 或者 stdin替换一个资源
wait Experimental: Wait for a specific condition on one or many resources.
kustomize Build a kustomization target from a directory or a remote url.
Settings Commands:
label 更新在这个资源上的 labels
annotate 更新一个资源的注解
completion Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash or zsh)
Other Commands:
api-resources Print the supported API resources on the server
api-versions Print the supported API versions on the server, in the form of "group/version"
config 修改 kubeconfig 文件
plugin Provides utilities for interacting with plugins.
version 输出 client 和 server 的版本信息
Usage:
kubectl [flags] [options]
Use "kubectl --help" for more information about a given command.
Use "kubectl options" for a list of global command-line options (applies to all commands).
create创建
//创建类型为dep的nginx pod
[root@master ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx --image nginx
deployment.apps/nginx created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-6799fc88d8-wknpz 1/1 Running 0 8s
[root@master ~]# kubectl create deployment b1 --image busybox -- date
deployment.apps/b1 created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
b1-689554bb54-hzbgp 0/1 CrashLoopBackOff 1 8s
nginx-6799fc88d8-wknpz 1/1 Running 0 101s
[root@master ~]# kubectl create deployment b2 --image busybox -- sleep 1000
deployment.apps/b2 created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
b1-689554bb54-hzbgp 0/1 CrashLoopBackOff 3 78s
b2-6b45bddb99-zh7n7 1/1 Running 0 9s
nginx-6799fc88d8-wknpz 1/1 Running 0 2m51s
///创建多个 类型为dep的myapp pod
[root@master ~]# kubectl create deployment myapp --image nginx --replicas 3
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
b1-689554bb54-hzbgp 0/1 CrashLoopBackOff 4 2m48s
b2-6b45bddb99-zh7n7 1/1 Running 0 99s
myapp-6d8d776547-49csx 1/1 Running 0 21s
myapp-6d8d776547-79kbw 1/1 Running 0 21s
myapp-6d8d776547-kvc2q 1/1 Running 0 21s
nginx-6799fc88d8-wknpz 1/1 Running 0 4m21s
//创建pod暴露端口号
[root@master ~]# kubectl create deployment test --image nginx --port 80
deployment.apps/test created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
b1-689554bb54-hzbgp 0/1 CrashLoopBackOff 5 4m36s
b2-6b45bddb99-zh7n7 1/1 Running 0 3m27s
myapp-6d8d776547-49csx 1/1 Running 0 2m9s
myapp-6d8d776547-79kbw 1/1 Running 0 2m9s
myapp-6d8d776547-kvc2q 1/1 Running 0 2m9s
nginx-6799fc88d8-wknpz 1/1 Running 0 6m9s
test-7968d6985c-xcvpz 1/1 Running 0 4s
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
b1-689554bb54-hzbgp 0/1 CrashLoopBackOff 5 4m52s 10.244.1.9 node1.example.com
b2-6b45bddb99-zh7n7 1/1 Running 0 3m43s 10.244.2.11 node2.example.com
myapp-6d8d776547-49csx 1/1 Running 0 2m25s 10.244.1.10 node1.example.com
myapp-6d8d776547-79kbw 1/1 Running 0 2m25s 10.244.1.11 node1.example.com
myapp-6d8d776547-kvc2q 1/1 Running 0 2m25s 10.244.2.12 node2.example.com
nginx-6799fc88d8-wknpz 1/1 Running 0 6m25s 10.244.2.10 node2.example.com
test-7968d6985c-xcvpz 1/1 Running 0 20s 10.244.2.13 node2.example.com
expose暴露
//查看deployment管理信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
b1 0/1 1 0 6m56s
b2 1/1 1 1 5m48s
myapp 3/3 3 3 4m29s
nginx 1/1 1 1 8m29s
test 1/1 1 1 2m24s
//expose暴露
[root@master ~]# kubectl expose deployment myapp --port 8080 --target-port 80
service/myapp exposed
//已经暴露8080
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc,pods
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 30h
service/myapp ClusterIP 10.104.232.97 8080/TCP 33s
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/b1-689554bb54-hzbgp 0/1 CrashLoopBackOff 6 10m
pod/b2-6b45bddb99-zh7n7 1/1 Running 0 9m20s
pod/myapp-6d8d776547-49csx 1/1 Running 0 8m2s
pod/myapp-6d8d776547-79kbw 1/1 Running 0 8m2s
pod/myapp-6d8d776547-kvc2q 1/1 Running 0 8m2s
pod/nginx-6799fc88d8-wknpz 1/1 Running 0 12m
pod/test-7968d6985c-xcvpz 1/1 Running 0 5m57s
//service IP 加8080
[root@master ~]# curl 10.104.232.97:8080
Welcome to nginx!
Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
For online documentation and support please refer to
nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at
nginx.com.
Thank you for using nginx.
//暴露容器80 主机随机端口号
[root@master ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx --port 80 --type NodePort
service/nginx exposed
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 30h
myapp ClusterIP 10.104.232.97 8080/TCP 5m55s
nginx NodePort 10.111.40.207 80:30730/TCP 19s
//service访问
[root@master ~]# curl 10.111.40.207
Welcome to nginx!
Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
For online documentation and support please refer to
nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at
nginx.com.
Thank you for using nginx.
//主机ip加端口号访问
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.143.140:30730
Welcome to nginx!
Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
For online documentation and support please refer to
nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at
nginx.com.
Thank you for using nginx.
get获取
root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master.example.com Ready control-plane,master 30h v1.20.0
node1.example.com Ready 30h v1.20.0
node2.example.com Ready 30h v1.20.0
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 30h
myapp ClusterIP 10.104.232.97 8080/TCP 11m
nginx NodePort 10.111.40.207 80:30730/TCP 5m32s
//查看名称空间
[root@master ~]# kubectl get ns
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 30h
kube-node-lease Active 30h
kube-public Active 30h
kube-system Active 30h
//查看dep的控制器信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment myapp
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
myapp 3/3 3 3 20m
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
b1 0/1 1 0 23m
b2 1/1 1 1 22m
myapp 3/3 3 3 20m
nginx 1/1 1 1 24m
test 1/1 1 1 18m
//查看pod详细信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment myapp -o json
{
"apiVersion": "apps/v1",
"kind": "Deployment",
"metadata": {
"annotations": {
"deployment.kubernetes.io/revision": "1"
},
"creationTimestamp": "2021-12-19T15:01:28Z",
"generation": 1,
"labels": {
"app": "myapp"
},
"managedFields": [
{
"apiVersion": "apps/v1",
"fieldsType": "FieldsV1",
"fieldsV1": {
"f:metadata": {
"f:labels": {
".": {},
"f:app": {}
}
},
"f:spec": {
.....以下多行省略
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment myapp -o yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
annotations:
deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: "1"
creationTimestamp: "2021-12-19T15:01:28Z"
generation: 1
labels:
app: myapp
managedFields:
- apiVersion: apps/v1
fieldsType: FieldsV1
fieldsV1:
f:metadata:
f:labels:
.: {}
f:app: {}
f:spec:
f:progressDeadlineSeconds: {}
f:replicas: {}
f:revisionHistoryLimit: {}
f:selector: {}
f:strategy:
f:rollingUpdate:
.: {}
f:maxSurge: {}
f:maxUnavailable: {}
f:type: {}
f:template:
f:metadata:
f:labels:
.: {}
f:app: {}
f:spec:
f:containers:
k:{"name":"nginx"}:
.: {}
f:image: {}
f:imagePullPolicy: {}
f:name: {}
f:resources: {}
f:terminationMessagePath: {}
f:terminationMessagePolicy: {}
f:dnsPolicy: {}
f:restartPolicy: {}
f:schedulerName: {}
f:securityContext: {}
f:terminationGracePeriodSeconds: {}
.....以下多行省略
delete 删除
//删除myapp pod与svc
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
b1-689554bb54-hzbgp 0/1 CrashLoopBackOff 10 28m
b2-6b45bddb99-zh7n7 1/1 Running 1 27m
myapp-6d8d776547-49csx 1/1 Running 0 26m
myapp-6d8d776547-79kbw 1/1 Running 0 26m
myapp-6d8d776547-kvc2q 1/1 Running 0 26m
nginx-6799fc88d8-wknpz 1/1 Running 0 30m
test-7968d6985c-xcvpz 1/1 Running 0 23m
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete deployment,svc myapp
deployment.apps "myapp" deleted
service "myapp" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
b1-689554bb54-hzbgp 0/1 CrashLoopBackOff 10 29m
b2-6b45bddb99-zh7n7 1/1 Running 1 27m
myapp-6d8d776547-kvc2q 0/1 Terminating 0 26m
nginx-6799fc88d8-wknpz 1/1 Running 0 30m
test-7968d6985c-xcvpz 1/1 Running 0 24m
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 31h
nginx NodePort 10.111.40.207 80:30730/TCP 13m
//删除一个pod
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete deployment b1
deployment.apps "b1" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
b2-6b45bddb99-zh7n7 1/1 Running 1 30m
nginx-6799fc88d8-wknpz 1/1 Running 0 33m
test-7968d6985c-xcvpz 1/1 Running 0 27m
//删除pod不会影响svc，相反也一样
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete deployment nginx
deployment.apps "nginx" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
b2-6b45bddb99-zh7n7 1/1 Running 1 31m
test-7968d6985c-xcvpz 1/1 Running 0 28m
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 31h
nginx NodePort 10.111.40.207 80:30730/TCP 17m
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete svc nginx
service "nginx" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 31h
//删除所有pod，指定dep控制器类型
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete deployment --all
deployment.apps "b2" deleted
deployment.apps "test" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
No resources found in default namespace.
run运行
//run 创建的是pod类型是自主式
[root@master ~]# kubectl run nginx --image nginx
pod/nginx created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx 1/1 Running 0 20s
//删除类型也是pod
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete pod nginx
pod "nginx" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod
No resources found in default namespace.
//创建一个pod，带标签
[root@master ~]# kubectl run nginx --image nginx --labels "app=nginx"
pod/nginx created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx 1/1 Running 0 6s
//describe描述nginx pod信息找到标签
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe pod nginx
Name: nginx
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: node2.example.com/192.168.143.142
Start Time: Sun, 19 Dec 2021 23:41:45 +0800
Labels: app=nginx
.....以下多行省略
//删除带标签删除pod
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
app 1/1 Running 0 10s
nginx 1/1 Running 0 3m3s
test 1/1 Running 0 16s
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete pod -l "app=nginx"
pod "app" deleted
pod "nginx" deleted
pod "test" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
No resources found in default namespace.
//dry-run 干运行 只是假装运行，没有运行，类似于测试
[root@master ~]# kubectl run app --image nginx --labels "app=nginx" --dry-run=client
pod/app created (dry run)
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
No resources found in default namespace.
//用-i -t 选项 进入pod
[root@master ~]# kubectl run -i -t busybox --image=busybox --restart=Never
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ #
/ #
/ # ls
bin dev etc home proc root sys tmp usr var
/ # ip a
1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth0@if19: mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue
link/ether 22:f1:73:35:96:2d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.244.2.17/24 brd 10.244.2.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # exit
//命令完成后，就直接退出了
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 0/1 Completed 0 96s
edit 编辑
[root@master ~]# kubectl run nginx --image nginx --labels "app=txt"
pod/nginx created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 0/1 Completed 0 22h
nginx 1/1 Running 0 15s
[root@master ~]# kubectl edit pods/nginx
# Please edit the object below. Lines beginning with a '#' will be ignored,
# and an empty file will abort the edit. If an error occurs while saving this file will be
# reopened with the relevant failures.
#
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
creationTimestamp: "2021-12-20T14:46:40Z"
labels:
app: txts //可以编辑标签
name: nginx
namespace: default
resourceVersion: "15355"
uid: 46c4dd31-5e7b-4dbc-b7cb-133859dc80cd
spec:
containers:
- image: nginx
imagePullPolicy: Always
name: nginx
resources: {}
terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
terminationMessagePolicy: File
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount
name: default-token-rbqzh
readOnly: true
//zz或wq!退出
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe pod nginx
Name: nginx
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: node1.example.com/192.168.143.141
Start Time: Mon, 20 Dec 2021 22:46:40 +0800
Labels: app=txts //标签已经修改
......以下多行省略
scale扩展
//创建一个dep控制器的nginx
[root@master ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx --image nginx
deployment.apps/nginx created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 0/1 Completed 0 23h
nginx 1/1 Running 0 8m54s
nginx-6799fc88d8-bfcxp 1/1 Running 0 3s
//动态扩展
[root@master ~]# kubectl scale --replicas 6 deployment/nginx
deployment.apps/nginx scaled
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 0/1 Completed 0 23h
nginx 1/1 Running 0 9m45s
nginx-6799fc88d8-2cjw8 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 10s
nginx-6799fc88d8-bfcxp 1/1 Running 0 54s
nginx-6799fc88d8-bpkgq 1/1 Running 0 10s
nginx-6799fc88d8-gjfpn 1/1 Running 0 10s
nginx-6799fc88d8-lxh8g 1/1 Running 0 10s
nginx-6799fc88d8-v5dhn 1/1 Running 0 10s
//动态扩展调整
[root@master ~]# kubectl scale --replicas 2 deployment/nginx
deployment.apps/nginx scaled
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 0/1 Completed 0 23h
nginx 1/1 Running 0 10m
nginx-6799fc88d8-2cjw8 1/1 Running 0 81s
nginx-6799fc88d8-bpkgq 1/1 Running 0 81s
autoscale 自动扩展
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 0/1 Completed 0 23h
nginx 1/1 Running 0 13m
nginx-6799fc88d8-2cjw8 1/1 Running 0 4m4s
nginx-6799fc88d8-bpkgq 1/1 Running 0 4m4s
//最少一个最多3个
[root@master ~]# kubectl autoscale --min 1 --max 3 --cpu-percent 70 deployment/nginx
horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling/nginx autoscaled
//hpa详细
[root@master ~]# kubectl get hpa
NAME REFERENCE TARGETS MINPODS MAXPODS REPLICAS AGE
nginx Deployment/nginx /70% 1 3 0 10s
//还是运行了2个
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 0/1 Completed 0 23h
nginx 1/1 Running 0 16m
nginx-6799fc88d8-2cjw8 1/1 Running 0 6m31s
nginx-6799fc88d8-bpkgq 1/1 Running 0 6m31s
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 0/1 Completed 0 23h
nginx 1/1 Running 0 16m
nginx-6799fc88d8-2cjw8 1/1 Running 0 6m50s
nginx-6799fc88d8-bpkgq 1/1 Running 0 6m50s
describe描述
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe pod/nginx
Name: nginx
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: node1.example.com/192.168.143.141
Start Time: Mon, 20 Dec 2021 22:46:40 +0800
Labels: app=txts
Annotations:
Status: Running
IP: 10.244.1.13
IPs:
IP: 10.244.1.13
logs日志
//默认pod/nginx不需要指定，其他为，控制/nginx
[root@master ~]# kubectl logs nginx
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2021/12/20 14:46:43 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2021/12/20 14:46:43 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.21.4
2021/12/20 14:46:43 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6)
2021/12/20 14:46:43 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
2021/12/20 14:46:43 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2021/12/20 14:46:43 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2021/12/20 14:46:43 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 32
2021/12/20 14:46:43 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 33
2021/12/20 14:46:43 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 34
2021/12/20 14:46:43 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 35
exec进入容器
//pod类型
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 0/1 Completed 0 23h
nginx 1/1 Running 0 24m
nginx-6799fc88d8-2cjw8 1/1 Running 0 15m
nginx-6799fc88d8-bpkgq 1/1 Running 0 15m
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec nginx -- date
Mon Dec 20 15:11:40 UTC 2021
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it nginx -- /bin/bash
root@nginx:/# ls
bin docker-entrypoint.d home media proc sbin tmp
boot docker-entrypoint.sh lib mnt root srv usr
dev etc lib64 opt run sys var
root@nginx:/# exit
exit
//deployment类型
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec nginx-6799fc88d8-2cjw8 -- date
Mon Dec 20 15:13:27 UTC 2021
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it nginx-6799fc88d8-2cjw8 /bin/bash
kubectl exec [POD] [COMMAND] is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl exec [POD] -- [COMMAND] instead.
root@nginx-6799fc88d8-2cjw8:/# ls
bin docker-entrypoint.d home media proc sbin tmp
boot docker-entrypoint.sh lib mnt root srv usr
dev etc lib64 opt run sys var
root@nginx-6799fc88d8-2cjw8:/# exit
exit
//svc模式
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 2d6h
[root@master ~]# kubectl expose pod nginx --port 8080 --target-port 80
service/nginx exposed
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 2d6h
nginx ClusterIP 10.99.42.70 8080/TCP 23s
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec svc/nginx -- date
Mon Dec 20 15:18:40 UTC 2021
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it svc/nginx /bin/sh
kubectl exec [POD] [COMMAND] is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl exec [POD] -- [COMMAND] instead.
# ls
bin docker-entrypoint.d home media proc sbin tmp
boot docker-entrypoint.sh lib mnt root srv usr
dev etc lib64 opt run sys var
# exit
port-forward端口转发
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 0/1 Completed 0 23h
nginx 1/1 Running 0 34m
nginx-6799fc88d8-2cjw8 1/1 Running 0 25m
nginx-6799fc88d8-bpkgq 1/1 Running 0 25m
[root@master ~]# kubectl port-forward deployment/nginx 80
Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:80 -> 80
Forwarding from [::1]:80 -> 80
//此处前台运行开另一个终端查看
[root@master ~]# curl 127.0.0.1:80
Welcome to nginx!
Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
For online documentation and support please refer to
nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at
nginx.com.
Thank you for using nginx.
[root@master ~]# kubectl port-forward deployment/nginx :80
Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:45847 -> 80
Forwarding from [::1]:45847 -> 80
Handling connection for 45847
//此处前台运行开另一个终端查看
[root@master ~]# curl 127.0.0.1:45847
Welcome to nginx!
Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
For online documentation and support please refer to
nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at
nginx.com.
Thank you for using nginx.
[root@master ~]# kubectl port-forward --address 0.0.0.0 deployment/nginx :80
Forwarding from 0.0.0.0:32930 -> 80
Handling connection for 32930
//此处前台运行开另一个终端查看
//因为0.0.0.0是所有主机，本机ip也可以访问
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.143.140:32930
Welcome to nginx!
Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
For online documentation and support please refer to
nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at
nginx.com.
Thank you for using nginx.
cp复制
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 0/1 Completed 0 23h
nginx 1/1 Running 0 42m
nginx-6799fc88d8-2cjw8 1/1 Running 0 32m
nginx-6799fc88d8-bpkgq 1/1 Running 0 32m
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec nginx test -- ls /opt/
[root@master ~]#
[root@master ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg flannel.yaml init
//本机文件复制到容器
[root@master ~]# kubectl cp /root/anaconda-ks.cfg nginx:/opt/
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec nginx test -- ls /opt/
anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@master ~]#
overwrite覆盖标签
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe pod nginx
Name: nginx
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: node1.example.com/192.168.143.141
Start Time: Mon, 20 Dec 2021 22:46:40 +0800
Labels: app=txts
......以下多行省略
//覆盖原有标签
[root@master ~]# kubectl label pod nginx --overwrite app=hy
pod/nginx labeled
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe pod nginx
Name: nginx
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: node1.example.com/192.168.143.141
Start Time: Mon, 20 Dec 2021 22:46:40 +0800
Labels: app=hy
api-resources查看api资源信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl api-resources
NAME SHORTNAMES APIVERSION NAMESPACED KIND
bindings v1 true Binding
componentstatuses cs v1 false ComponentStatus
configmaps cm v1 true ConfigMap
endpoints ep v1 true Endpoints
events ev v1 true Event
limitranges limits v1
.......以下多行省略
api-versions 查看版本号
[root@master ~]# kubectl api-versions
admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
apps/v1
authentication.k8s.io/v1
authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1
authorization.k8s.io/v1
authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
autoscaling/v1
autoscaling/v2beta1
autoscaling/v2beta2
batch/v1
batch/v1beta1
certificates.k8s.io/v1
certificates.k8s.io/v1beta1
coordination.k8s.io/v1
coordination.k8s.io/v1beta1
discovery.k8s.io/v1beta1
events.k8s.io/v1
events.k8s.io/v1beta1
extensions/v1beta1
flowcontrol.apiserver.k8s.io/v1beta1
networking.k8s.io/v1
networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
node.k8s.io/v1
node.k8s.io/v1beta1
policy/v1beta1
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
scheduling.k8s.io/v1
scheduling.k8s.io/v1beta1
storage.k8s.io/v1
storage.k8s.io/v1beta1
v1
自愈功能
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 0/1 Completed 0 23h
nginx 1/1 Running 0 50m
nginx-6799fc88d8-2cjw8 1/1 Running 0 40m
nginx-6799fc88d8-bpkgq 1/1 Running 0 40m
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete pod nginx-6799fc88d8-2cjw8
pod "nginx-6799fc88d8-2cjw8" deleted
//因为pod中的控制器有自愈功能，自动补全
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 0/1 Completed 0 23h
nginx 1/1 Running 0 50m
nginx-6799fc88d8-bpkgq 1/1 Running 0 41m
nginx-6799fc88d8-w8h48 1/1 Running 0 6s
//删除deployment/nginx
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete deployment nginx
deployment.apps "nginx" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 0/1 Completed 0 23h
nginx 1/1 Running 0 52m
nginx-6799fc88d8-bpkgq 0/1 Terminating 0 43m
nginx-6799fc88d8-w8h48 0/1 Terminating 0 2m5s
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 0/1 Completed 0 23h
nginx 1/1 Running 0 52m
nginx测试创建
[root@master ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx --port 8080 --target-port 80 --type NodePort
service/nginx exposed
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc,pods
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 2d7h
service/nginx NodePort 10.109.177.153 8080:32618/TCP 28s
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/nginx-6799fc88d8-rhbz7 1/1 Running 0 2m5s
[root@master ~]# curl 10.109.177.153:8080
Welcome to nginx!
Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
For online documentation and support please refer to
nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at
nginx.com.
Thank you for using nginx.
滚动更新，回滚
//制作apache镜像
[root@master apache]# cat Dockerfile
FROM busybox
RUN mkdir /data && \
echo "test page with v1" > /data/index.html
ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/httpd","-f","-h","/data"]
[root@master apache]# docker build -t hyhxy0206/apache:v1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB
Step 1/3 : FROM busybox
---> ffe9d497c324
Step 2/3 : RUN mkdir /data && echo "test page with v1" > /data/index.html
---> Running in 6ef5a9999027
Removing intermediate container 6ef5a9999027
---> 1f55d1956ec6
Step 3/3 : ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/httpd","-f","-h","/data"]
---> Running in 9e953c76320f
Removing intermediate container 9e953c76320f
---> 8171aabbee2d
Successfully built 8171aabbee2d
Successfully tagged hyhxy0206/apache:v1
[root@master apache]# vim Dockerfile
[root@master apache]# docker build -t hyhxy0206/apache:v2 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB
Step 1/3 : FROM busybox
---> ffe9d497c324
Step 2/3 : RUN mkdir /data && echo "test page with v2" > /data/index.html
---> Running in 591e79d258a9
Removing intermediate container 591e79d258a9
---> 47cda9c6f56f
Step 3/3 : ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/httpd","-f","-h","/data"]
---> Running in 03aab99e17ce
Removing intermediate container 03aab99e17ce
---> 9731bddd2d85
Successfully built 9731bddd2d85
Successfully tagged hyhxy0206/apache:v2
[root@master apache]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hyhxy0206/apache v2 9731bddd2d85 About a minute ago 1.24MB
hyhxy0206/apache v1 8171aabbee2d About a minute ago 1.24MB
[root@master apache]# docker login
[root@master apache]# docker push hyhxy0206/apache:v1
[root@master apache]# docker push hyhxy0206/apache:v2、
//用v1版本运行3个pod
[root@master ~]# kubectl create deployment web --image hyhxy0206/apache:v1 --replicas 3
deployment.apps/web created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
web-65bbbfdf58-7gfnr 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 6s
web-65bbbfdf58-k52hl 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 6s
web-65bbbfdf58-nf6tg 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 6s
[root@master ~]# kubectl expose deploy web --port 80 --target-port 80
service/web exposed
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc,pods
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 2d23h
service/web ClusterIP 10.106.145.169 80/TCP 13s
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/web-65bbbfdf58-7gfnr 1/1 Running 0 60s
pod/web-65bbbfdf58-k52hl 1/1 Running 0 60s
pod/web-65bbbfdf58-nf6tg 1/1 Running 0 60s
[root@master ~]# while :;do curl 10.106.145.169;done
//设置镜像使其滚动升级
[root@master ~]# kubectl set image deploy/web apache=hyhxy0206/apache:v2
deployment.apps/web image updated
[root@master ~]# while :;do curl 10.101.67.172;done
test page with v2
test page with v2
test page with v2
test page with v2
test page with v2
test page with v2
//运行命令回滚，上一版本
[root@master ~]# kubectl rollout undo deploy/web
deployment.apps/web rolled back
[root@master ~]# while :;do curl 10.101.67.172;done
test page with v1
test page with v1
test page with v1
test page with v1
test page with v1
test page with v1
[root@master ~]# kubectl rollout undo deploy/web
deployment.apps/web rolled back
[root@master ~]# while :;do curl 10.101.67.172;done
test page with v2
test page with v2
test page with v2
test page with v2
test page with v2
test page with v2
k8s，yaml语言,配置pod
[root@master manifest]# vi deploy.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: web
namespace: default
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: apache
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: apache
spec:
containers:
- image: hyhxy0206/apache:v1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: httpd
//删除
[root@master manifest]# kubectl delete -f deploy.yaml
deployment.apps "web" deleted
//创建
[root@master manifest]# kubectl create -f deploy.yaml
deployment.apps/web created
[root@master manifest]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
web-958568cb4-4v9m2 1/1 Running 0 6s
web-958568cb4-cb8jf 1/1 Running 0 6s
web-958568cb4-wn277 1/1 Running 0 6s
//应用
[root@master manifest]# kubectl apply -f deploy.yaml
Warning: resource deployments/web is missing the kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration annotation which is required by kubectl apply. kubectl apply should only be used on resources created declaratively by either kubectl create --save-config or kubectl apply. The missing annotation will be patched automatically.
deployment.apps/web configured
[root@master manifest]# vi svc-deploy.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: web
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- port: 8001
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 80
selector:
app: apache
type: NodePort
[root@master manifest]# kubectl apply -f svc-deploy.yaml
service/web created
[root@master manifest]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 3d
web NodePort 10.102.127.93 8001:32310/TCP 43s
[root@master manifest]# curl 192.168.143.140:32310
test page with v1
[root@master manifest]# vim deploy.yaml
//v1版本修改为v2
[root@master manifest]# kubectl apply -f deploy.yaml
deployment.apps/web configured
[root@master manifest]# curl 192.168.143.140:32310
test page with v2
合并
[root@master manifest]# cat deploy.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: web
namespace: default
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: apache
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: apache
spec:
containers:
- image: hyhxy0206/apache:v2
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: httpd
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: web
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- port: 8001
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 80
selector:
app: apache
type: NodePort
//创建查看效果
[root@master manifest]# kubectl create -f deploy.yaml
deployment.apps/web created
service/web created
[root@master manifest]# kubectl get svc,pods
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 3d1h
service/web NodePort 10.100.255.213 8001:32184/TCP 21s
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/web-5d8db7d5d5-bqxv6 1/1 Running 0 21s
pod/web-5d8db7d5d5-tbvcd 1/1 Running 0 21s
pod/web-5d8db7d5d5-tglzc 1/1 Running 0 21s
[root@master manifest]# vim deploy.yaml
//v2版本改为v1
[root@master manifest]# kubectl -f deploy.yaml
deploy.yaml svc-deploy.yaml
[root@master manifest]# kubectl apply -f deploy.yaml
Warning: resource deployments/web is missing the kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration annotation which is required by kubectl apply. kubectl apply should only be used on resources created declaratively by either kubectl create --save-config or kubectl apply. The missing annotation will be patched automatically.
deployment.apps/web configured
Warning: resource services/web is missing the kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration annotation which is required by kubectl apply. kubectl apply should only be used on resources created declaratively by either kubectl create --save-config or kubectl apply. The missing annotation will be patched automatically.
service/web configured
[root@master manifest]# kubectl get svc,pods
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 3d1h
service/web NodePort 10.100.255.213 8001:32184/TCP 93s
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/web-5d8db7d5d5-bqxv6 1/1 Terminating 0 93s
pod/web-5d8db7d5d5-tbvcd 1/1 Terminating 0 93s
pod/web-5d8db7d5d5-tglzc 1/1 Terminating 0 93s
pod/web-958568cb4-g6vjb 1/1 Running 0 11s
pod/web-958568cb4-hjndq 1/1 Running 0 9s
pod/web-958568cb4-n76tt 1/1 Running 0 13s
[root@master manifest]# curl 192.168.143.140:32184
test page with v1
create命令导出yaml格式
[root@master manifest]# kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx --dry-run=client -o yaml > nginx.yaml
[root@master manifest]# cat nginx.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
app: nginx
name: nginx
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
strategy: {}
template:
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- image: nginx
name: nginx
resources: {}
status: {}
get命令导出yaml格式
[root@master manifest]# kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx --replicas 3
deployment.apps/nginx created
[root@master manifest]# kubectl get deploy
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
nginx 2/3 3 2 7s
web 3/3 3 3 7m54s
[root@master manifest]# kubectl get deploy -o yaml > nginx1.yaml
[root@master manifest]# cat nginx1.yaml
apiVersion: v1
items:
- apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
annotations:
deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: "1"
creationTimestamp: "2021-12-21T09:38:04Z"
generation: 1
labels:
app: nginx
managedFields:
- apiVersion: apps/v1
fieldsType: FieldsV1
fieldsV1:
f:metadata:
f:labels:
.: {}
f:app: {}
f:spec:
f:progressDeadlineSeconds: {}
f:replicas: {}
f:revisionHistoryLimit: {}
f:selector: {}
f:strategy:
f:rollingUpdate:
.: {}
f:maxSurge: {}
f:maxUnavailable: {}
f:type: {}
f:template:
f:metadata:
f:labels:
.: {}
f:app: {}
f:spec:
f:containers:
k:{"name":"nginx"}:
.: {}
f:image: {}
f:imagePullPolicy: {}
f:name: {}
f:resources: {}
f:terminationMessagePath: {}
f:terminationMessagePolicy: {}
f:dnsPolicy: {}
f:restartPolicy: {}
f:schedulerName: {}
f:securityContext: {}
f:terminationGracePeriodSeconds: {}
manager: kubectl-create
operation: Update
time: "2021-12-21T09:38:04Z"
- apiVersion: apps/v1
fieldsType: FieldsV1
fieldsV1:
f:metadata:
f:annotations:
.: {}
f:deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: {}
f:status:
f:availableReplicas: {}
f:conditions:
.: {}
k:{"type":"Available"}:
.: {}
f:lastTransitionTime: {}
f:lastUpdateTime: {}
f:message: {}
f:reason: {}
f:status: {}
f:type: {}
k:{"type":"Progressing"}:
.: {}
f:lastTransitionTime: {}
f:lastUpdateTime: {}
f:message: {}
f:reason: {}
f:status: {}
f:type: {}
f:observedGeneration: {}
f:readyReplicas: {}
f:replicas: {}
f:updatedReplicas: {}
manager: kube-controller-manager
operation: Update
time: "2021-12-21T09:38:33Z"
name: nginx
namespace: default
resourceVersion: "32145"
uid: 6d8c9da2-8538-4291-a0b1-dbf72f41504b
spec:
progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
replicas: 3
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
strategy:
rollingUpdate:
maxSurge: 25%
maxUnavailable: 25%
type: RollingUpdate
template:
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- image: nginx
imagePullPolicy: Always
name: nginx
resources: {}
terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
terminationMessagePolicy: File
dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
restartPolicy: Always
schedulerName: default-scheduler
securityContext: {}
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
status:
availableReplicas: 3
conditions:
- lastTransitionTime: "2021-12-21T09:38:33Z"
lastUpdateTime: "2021-12-21T09:38:33Z"
message: Deployment has minimum availability.
reason: MinimumReplicasAvailable
status: "True"
type: Available
- lastTransitionTime: "2021-12-21T09:38:04Z"
lastUpdateTime: "2021-12-21T09:38:33Z"
message: ReplicaSet "nginx-6799fc88d8" has successfully progressed.
reason: NewReplicaSetAvailable
status: "True"
type: Progressing
observedGeneration: 1
readyReplicas: 3
replicas: 3
updatedReplicas: 3
- apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
annotations:
deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: "2"
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
{"apiVersion":"apps/v1","kind":"Deployment","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"web","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"replicas":3,"selector":{"matchLabels":{"app":"apache"}},"template":{"metadata":{"labels":{"app":"apache"}},"spec":{"containers":[{"image":"hyhxy0206/apache:v1","imagePullPolicy":"IfNotPresent","name":"httpd"}]}}}}
creationTimestamp: "2021-12-21T09:30:17Z"
generation: 2
managedFields:
- apiVersion: apps/v1
fieldsType: FieldsV1
fieldsV1:
f:spec:
f:progressDeadlineSeconds: {}
f:replicas: {}
f:revisionHistoryLimit: {}
f:selector: {}
f:strategy:
f:rollingUpdate:
.: {}
f:maxSurge: {}
f:maxUnavailable: {}
f:type: {}
f:template:
f:metadata:
f:labels:
.: {}
f:app: {}
f:spec:
f:containers:
k:{"name":"httpd"}:
.: {}
f:imagePullPolicy: {}
f:name: {}
f:resources: {}
f:terminationMessagePath: {}
f:terminationMessagePolicy: {}
f:dnsPolicy: {}
f:restartPolicy: {}
f:schedulerName: {}
f:securityContext: {}
f:terminationGracePeriodSeconds: {}
manager: kubectl-create
operation: Update
time: "2021-12-21T09:30:17Z"
- apiVersion: apps/v1
fieldsType: FieldsV1
fieldsV1:
f:metadata:
f:annotations:
f:kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: {}
f:spec:
f:template:
f:spec:
f:containers:
k:{"name":"httpd"}:
f:image: {}
manager: kubectl-client-side-apply
operation: Update
time: "2021-12-21T09:31:37Z"
- apiVersion: apps/v1
fieldsType: FieldsV1
fieldsV1:
f:metadata:
f:annotations:
.: {}
f:deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: {}
f:status:
f:availableReplicas: {}
f:conditions:
.: {}
k:{"type":"Available"}:
.: {}
f:lastTransitionTime: {}
f:lastUpdateTime: {}
f:message: {}
f:reason: {}
f:status: {}
f:type: {}
k:{"type":"Progressing"}:
.: {}
f:lastTransitionTime: {}
f:lastUpdateTime: {}
f:message: {}
f:reason: {}
f:status: {}
f:type: {}
f:observedGeneration: {}
f:readyReplicas: {}
f:replicas: {}
f:updatedReplicas: {}
manager: kube-controller-manager
operation: Update
time: "2021-12-21T09:31:43Z"
name: web
namespace: default
resourceVersion: "31516"
uid: 0e15d3ef-a2ca-412b-bb09-d2387542581f
spec:
progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
replicas: 3
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
app: apache
strategy:
rollingUpdate:
maxSurge: 25%
maxUnavailable: 25%
type: RollingUpdate
template:
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
app: apache
spec:
containers:
- image: hyhxy0206/apache:v1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: httpd
resources: {}
terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
terminationMessagePolicy: File
dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
restartPolicy: Always
schedulerName: default-scheduler
securityContext: {}
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
status:
availableReplicas: 3
conditions:
- lastTransitionTime: "2021-12-21T09:30:19Z"
lastUpdateTime: "2021-12-21T09:30:19Z"
message: Deployment has minimum availability.
reason: MinimumReplicasAvailable
status: "True"
type: Available
- lastTransitionTime: "2021-12-21T09:30:17Z"
lastUpdateTime: "2021-12-21T09:31:43Z"
message: ReplicaSet "web-958568cb4" has successfully progressed.
reason: NewReplicaSetAvailable
status: "True"
type: Progressing
observedGeneration: 2
readyReplicas: 3
replicas: 3
updatedReplicas: 3
kind: List
metadata:
resourceVersion: ""
selfLink: ""
pod容器字段帮助文档
[root@master manifest]# kubectl explain deployment
KIND: Deployment
VERSION: apps/v1
DESCRIPTION:
Deployment enables declarative updates for Pods and ReplicaSets.
FIELDS:
apiVersion
APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation of an
object. Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest internal
value, and may reject unrecognized values. More info:
https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#resources
kind
Kind is a string value representing the REST resource this object
represents. Servers may infer this from the endpoint the client submits
requests to. Cannot be updated. In CamelCase. More info:
https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#types-kinds
metadata 创建新的名称空间
[root@master manifest]# vim deploy.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: runtime
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: web
namespace: runtime
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: apache
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: apache
spec:
containers:
- image: hyhxy0206/apache:v1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: httpd
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: web
namespace: runtime
spec:
ports:
- port: 8001
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 80
selector:
app: apache
type: NodePort
[root@master manifest]# kubectl get pods,svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 3d5h
[root@master manifest]# kubectl create -f deploy.yaml
namespace/runtime created
deployment.apps/web created
service/web created
[root@master manifest]# kubectl get ns
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 3d5h
kube-node-lease Active 3d5h
kube-public Active 3d5h
kube-system Active 3d5h
runtime Active 20s
[root@master manifest]# kubectl get pods -n runtime
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
web-958568cb4-jkkb7 1/1 Running 0 39s
web-958568cb4-kk8vt 1/1 Running 0 39s
web-958568cb4-msqnl 1/1 Running 0 39s
[root@master manifest]# kubectl get deploy -n runtime
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
web 3/3 3 3 76s
[root@master manifest]# kubectl get svc -n runtime
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
web NodePort 10.109.160.27 8001:30057/TCP 87s
[root@master manifest]# curl 10.109.160.27:8001
test page with v1
[root@master manifest]# curl 192.168.143.140:30057
test page with v1
重启策略
Always:当容器终止退出后，总是重启容器，默认策略。
OnFailure:当容器异常退出(退出状态码非0)时，才重启容器。
Never:当容器终止退出，从不重启容器。
健康检查类型
livenessProbe (存活检查)∶如果检查失败，将杀死容器，根据Pod的restartPolicy来操作。
readinessProbe (就绪检查)︰如果检查失败，Kubernetes会把Podservice endpoints中剔除
支持的检查方法
httpGet:发送HTTP请求，返回200-400范围状态码为成功。
exec:执行Shell命令返回状态码是0为成功。
tcpSocket:发起TCP Socket建立成功。
初始化容器
InitContainer:顾名思义，用于初始化工作，执行完就结束，可以理解为一次性任务
支持大部分应用容器配置，但不支持健康检查
优先应用容器执行
通过资源定义方式创建haproxy的pod进行负载均衡yml文件
[root@master manifest]# cat haproxy.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: rs1
namespace: default
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: apache
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: apache
spec:
containers:
- image: hyhxy0206/apache:v1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: httpd
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: haproxy
namespace: default
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: haproxy
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: haproxy
spec:
containers:
- image: hyhxy0206/haproxy:v3
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: haproxy
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /tmp
name: nfs
volumes:
- name: nfs
nfs:
server: 192.168.143.102
path: /nfs
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: rs2
namespace: default
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: apache
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: apache
spec:
containers:
- image: hyhxy0206/apache:v2
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: httpd
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: rs1
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- port: 8001
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 80
selector:
app: apache
type: NodePort
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: rs2
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- port: 8002
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 80
selector:
app: apache
type: NodePort
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: haproxy
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- port: 80
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 80
selector:
app: haproxy
type: NodePort
[root@master manifest]# kubectl create -f haproxy.yaml
deployment.apps/rs1 created
deployment.apps/haproxy created
deployment.apps/rs2 created
service/rs1 created
service/rs2 created
service/haproxy created
[root@master manifest]# kubectl get svc,pods
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/haproxy NodePort 10.105.152.235 80:31969/TCP 61s
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 3d8h
service/rs1 NodePort 10.99.151.119 8001:31939/TCP 61s
service/rs2 NodePort 10.101.239.75 8002:30515/TCP 61s
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/haproxy-7cf79cc57-4jzvl 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 61s
pod/rs1-958568cb4-8tcpn 1/1 Running 0 61s
pod/rs2-5d8db7d5d5-s5qpz 1/1 Running 0 61s
[root@master manifest]# curl 10.101.239.75:8002
test page with v2
[root@master manifest]# curl 10.99.151.119:8001
test page with v1