SpringBoot + MyBatis + MySQL 实现读写分离

发布时间:2022-08-19 13:06

读写分离要做的事情就是对于一条SQL该选择哪个数据库去执行,至于谁来做选择数据库这件事儿,无非两个,要么中间件帮我们做,要么程序自己做。因此,一般来讲,读写分离有两种实现方式。第一种是依靠中间件(比如:MyCat),也就是说应用程序连接到中间件,中间件帮我们做SQL分离;第二种是应用程序自己去做分离。这里我们选择程序自己来做,主要是利用Spring提供的路由数据源,以及AOP

然而,应用程序层面去做读写分离最大的弱点(不足之处)在于无法动态增加数据库节点,因为数据源配置都是写在配置中的,新增数据库意味着新加一个数据源,必然改配置,并重启应用。当然,好处就是相对简单。

SpringBoot + MyBatis + MySQL 实现读写分离_第1张图片

AbstractRoutingDataSource

基于特定的查找key路由到特定的数据源。它内部维护了一组目标数据源,并且做了路由key与目标数据源之间的映射,提供基于key查找数据源的方法。

SpringBoot + MyBatis + MySQL 实现读写分离_第2张图片

实践

maven依赖



    4.0.0

    com.cjs.example
    cjs-datasource-demo
    0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    jar

    cjs-datasource-demo
    

    
        org.springframework.boot
        spring-boot-starter-parent
        2.0.5.RELEASE
         
    

    
        UTF-8
        UTF-8
        1.8
    

    
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-aop
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-jdbc
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-web
        
        
            org.mybatis.spring.boot
            mybatis-spring-boot-starter
            1.3.2
        
        
            org.apache.commons
            commons-lang3
            3.8
        

        
            mysql
            mysql-connector-java
            runtime
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-test
            test
        
    

    
        
            
                org.springframework.boot
                spring-boot-maven-plugin
            


            

        
    

数据源配置

application.yml

spring:
  datasource:
    master:
      jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.102.31:3306/test
      username: root
      password: 123456
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    slave1:
      jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.102.56:3306/test
      username: pig   # 只读账户
      password: 123456
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    slave2:
      jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.102.36:3306/test
      username: pig   # 只读账户
      password: 123456
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

多数据源配置

package com.cjs.example.config;

import com.cjs.example.bean.MyRoutingDataSource;
import com.cjs.example.enums.DBTypeEnum;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * 关于数据源配置,参考SpringBoot官方文档第79章《Data Access》
 * 79. Data Access
 * 79.1 Configure a Custom DataSource
 * 79.2 Configure Two DataSources
 */

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.master")
    public DataSource masterDataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.slave1")
    public DataSource slave1DataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.slave2")
    public DataSource slave2DataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSource myRoutingDataSource(@Qualifier("masterDataSource") DataSource masterDataSource,
                                          @Qualifier("slave1DataSource") DataSource slave1DataSource,
                                          @Qualifier("slave2DataSource") DataSource slave2DataSource) {
        Map targetDataSources = new HashMap<>();
        targetDataSources.put(DBTypeEnum.MASTER, masterDataSource);
        targetDataSources.put(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE1, slave1DataSource);
        targetDataSources.put(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE2, slave2DataSource);
        MyRoutingDataSource myRoutingDataSource = new MyRoutingDataSource();
        myRoutingDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(masterDataSource);
        myRoutingDataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);
        return myRoutingDataSource;
    }

}

这里,我们配置了4个数据源,1个master,2两个slave,1个路由数据源。前3个数据源都是为了生成第4个数据源,而且后续我们只用这最后一个路由数据源。

MyBatis配置

package com.cjs.example.config;

import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.sql.DataSource;

@EnableTransactionManagement
@Configuration
public class MyBatisConfig {

    @Resource(name = "myRoutingDataSource")
    private DataSource myRoutingDataSource;

    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory() throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(myRoutingDataSource);
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:mapper/*.xml"));
        return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();
    }

    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager platformTransactionManager() {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(myRoutingDataSource);
    }
}

由于Spring容器中现在有4个数据源,所以我们需要为事务管理器和MyBatis手动指定一个明确的数据源。

设置路由key / 查找数据源

目标数据源就是那前3个这个我们是知道的,但是使用的时候是如果查找数据源的呢?

首先,我们定义一个枚举来代表这三个数据源

package com.cjs.example.enums;

public enum DBTypeEnum {

    MASTER, SLAVE1, SLAVE2;

}

接下来,通过ThreadLocal将数据源设置到每个线程上下文中

package com.cjs.example.bean;

import com.cjs.example.enums.DBTypeEnum;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

public class DBContextHolder {

    private static final ThreadLocal contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<>();

    private static final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(-1);

    public static void set(DBTypeEnum dbType) {
        contextHolder.set(dbType);
    }

    public static DBTypeEnum get() {
        return contextHolder.get();
    }

    public static void master() {
        set(DBTypeEnum.MASTER);
        System.out.println("切换到master");
    }

    public static void slave() {
        //  轮询
        int index = counter.getAndIncrement() % 2;
        if (counter.get() > 9999) {
            counter.set(-1);
        }
        if (index == 0) {
            set(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE1);
            System.out.println("切换到slave1");
        }else {
            set(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE2);
            System.out.println("切换到slave2");
        }
    }

}

获取路由key

package com.cjs.example.bean;

import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;

public class MyRoutingDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
        return DBContextHolder.get();
    }

}

设置路由key

默认情况下,所有的查询都走从库,插入/修改/删除走主库。我们通过方法名来区分操作类型(CRUD)

package com.cjs.example.aop;

import com.cjs.example.bean.DBContextHolder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Aspect
@Component
public class DataSourceAop {

    @Pointcut("!@annotation(com.cjs.example.annotation.Master) " +
            "&& (execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.select*(..)) " +
            "|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.get*(..)))")
    public void readPointcut() {

    }

    @Pointcut("@annotation(com.cjs.example.annotation.Master) " +
            "|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.insert*(..)) " +
            "|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.add*(..)) " +
            "|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.update*(..)) " +
            "|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.edit*(..)) " +
            "|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.delete*(..)) " +
            "|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.remove*(..))")
    public void writePointcut() {

    }

    @Before("readPointcut()")
    public void read() {
        DBContextHolder.slave();
    }

    @Before("writePointcut()")
    public void write() {
        DBContextHolder.master();
    }


    /**
     * 另一种写法:if...else...  判断哪些需要读从数据库,其余的走主数据库
     */
//    @Before("execution(* com.cjs.example.service.impl.*.*(..))")
//    public void before(JoinPoint jp) {
//        String methodName = jp.getSignature().getName();
//
//        if (StringUtils.startsWithAny(methodName, "get", "select", "find")) {
//            DBContextHolder.slave();
//        }else {
//            DBContextHolder.master();
//        }
//    }
}

有一般情况就有特殊情况,特殊情况是某些情况下我们需要强制读主库,针对这种情况,我们定义一个主键,用该注解标注的就读主库

package com.cjs.example.annotation;

public @interface Master {
}

例如,假设我们有一张表member

package com.cjs.example.service.impl;

import com.cjs.example.annotation.Master;
import com.cjs.example.entity.Member;
import com.cjs.example.entity.MemberExample;
import com.cjs.example.mapper.MemberMapper;
import com.cjs.example.service.MemberService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class MemberServiceImpl implements MemberService {

    @Autowired
    private MemberMapper memberMapper;

    @Transactional
    @Override
    public int insert(Member member) {
        return memberMapper.insert(member);
    }

    @Master
    @Override
    public int save(Member member) {
        return memberMapper.insert(member);
    }

    @Override
    public List selectAll() {
        return memberMapper.selectByExample(new MemberExample());
    }

    @Master
    @Override
    public String getToken(String appId) {
        //  有些读操作必须读主数据库
        //  比如,获取微信access_token,因为高峰时期主从同步可能延迟
        //  这种情况下就必须强制从主数据读
        return null;
    }
}

测试

package com.cjs.example;

import com.cjs.example.entity.Member;
import com.cjs.example.service.MemberService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class CjsDatasourceDemoApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private MemberService memberService;

    @Test
    public void testWrite() {
        Member member = new Member();
        member.setName("zhangsan");
        memberService.insert(member);
    }

    @Test
    public void testRead() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            memberService.selectAll();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testSave() {
        Member member = new Member();
        member.setName("wangwu");
        memberService.save(member);
    }

    @Test
    public void testReadFromMaster() {
        memberService.getToken("1234");
    }

}

查看控制台

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SpringBoot + MyBatis + MySQL 实现读写分离_第4张图片

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SpringBoot + MyBatis + MySQL 实现读写分离_第6张图片

工程结构

SpringBoot + MyBatis + MySQL 实现读写分离_第7张图片

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