发布时间:2022-08-29 11:00
使用单片机STM32执行的第一个程序是startup_stm32f407xx.s
指令名称 | 含义 |
---|---|
EQU | 给数字常量取一个符号名,相当于C语言中的define |
AREA | 汇编一个新的代码段或者数据段 |
SPACE | 分配内存空间 |
PRESERVE8 | 当前文件堆栈需按照8字节对齐 |
EXPORT | 声明一个具有全局属性的标号,可被外部文件使用 |
IMPORT | 声明一个来自外部文件的标号 |
DCD | 以字为单位分配内存,要求4字节对齐,并要求初始化这些内存 |
PROC | 定义子程序,与ENDP成对使用 |
ENDP | 表示子程序结束 |
WEAK | 弱定义,如果外部文件定义了一个标号,则优先使用外部文件的标号,是ARM伪指令 |
ALIGN | 编译器对指令或数据的存放地址进行对齐,缺省表示4字节对齐,是ARM伪指令 |
IF,ELSE,ENDIF | 汇编条件分支语句,同C语言的类似 |
LDR | 从存储器中加载字到一个寄存器中 |
B | 跳转到一个标号 |
BL | 跳转到由寄存器/标号给出的地址,并保存跳转前的下条指令至LR中 |
BX | 跳转到由寄存器/标号给出的地址,并根据寄存器的LSE确定处理器的状态 |
BLX | 跳转到由寄存器/标号给出的地址,并根据寄存器的LSE确定处理器的状态,同时保存跳转前的下条指令至LR中 |
END | 到达文件的末尾,文件结束 |
启动文件的作用
1:初始化堆栈指针
2:初始化PC指针 = Reset Handler
3:初始化中断向量表
4:配置系统时钟
5:调用C库函数__main 最终进入c程序空间main
//1-配置栈
Stack_Size EQU 0x00000400 //stack_size = 0x00000400 1KB
AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3//定义栈区,不初始化,可读可写,2^8字节对齐
Stack_Mem SPACE Stack_Size//分配stack_size大小的空间,Stack_mem是分配空间的起始位置,即栈底的地址
__initial_sp //地址标号,表示栈的结束地址,用来指向栈顶地址
//2-堆配置
Heap_Size EQU 0x00000200//Heap_size = 0x00000200
AREA HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3//定义堆区,不初始化,可读可写,2^8字节对齐
__heap_base//地址标号,用来指向堆的起始地址
Heap_Mem SPACE Heap_Size//分配Heap_Size大小的空间,Heap_mem是分配空间的起始地址
__heap_limit//地址标号,用来指向堆的结束地址
PRESERVE8//当前文件的堆栈8字节对齐
THUMB//告诉编译器下面兼容32位Thumb指令(老版本指令)
//3-初始化中断向量表, 产生中断后会跳到中断向量表中对应的地址
; Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset
AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY//定义复位区,只读,
EXPORT __Vectors//定义可在其他文件使用的全局标号,此处表示中断向量表的地址 (默认在falsh中的起始位置0x08000000)
EXPORT __Vectors_End//定义可在其他文件使用的全局标号,此处表示中断向量表的结束地址
EXPORT __Vectors_Size//定义可在其他文件使用的全局标号,此处表示中断向量表的大小
__Vectors DCD __initial_sp ; Top of Stack//分配四字节空间,存放标号_inital_sp的地址
DCD Reset_Handler ; Reset Handler//分配四字节空间,存放标号Reset_Handler的地址
DCD NMI_Handler ; NMI Handler
DCD HardFault_Handler ; Hard Fault Handler
DCD MemManage_Handler ; MPU Fault Handler
DCD BusFault_Handler ; Bus Fault Handler
DCD UsageFault_Handler ; Usage Fault Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved//保留,不给任何标号分配
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD SVC_Handler ; SVCall Handler
DCD DebugMon_Handler ; Debug Monitor Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD PendSV_Handler ; PendSV Handler
DCD SysTick_Handler ; SysTick Handler
; External Interrupts
DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ; Window WatchDog
DCD PVD_IRQHandler ; PVD through EXTI Line detection
DCD TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler ; Tamper and TimeStamps through the EXTI line
DCD RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler ; RTC Wakeup through the EXTI line
DCD FLASH_IRQHandler ; FLASH
DCD RCC_IRQHandler ; RCC
DCD EXTI0_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line0
DCD EXTI1_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line1
DCD EXTI2_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line2
DCD EXTI3_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line3
DCD EXTI4_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line4
DCD DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 0
DCD DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 1
DCD DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 2
DCD DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 3
DCD DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 4
DCD DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 5
DCD DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 6
DCD ADC_IRQHandler ; ADC1, ADC2 and ADC3s
DCD CAN1_TX_IRQHandler ; CAN1 TX
DCD CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler ; CAN1 RX0
DCD CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN1 RX1
DCD CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN1 SCE
DCD EXTI9_5_IRQHandler ; External Line[9:5]s
DCD TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Break and TIM9
DCD TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Update and TIM10
DCD TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation and TIM11
DCD TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Capture Compare
DCD TIM2_IRQHandler ; TIM2
DCD TIM3_IRQHandler ; TIM3
DCD TIM4_IRQHandler ; TIM4
DCD I2C1_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Event
DCD I2C1_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Error
DCD I2C2_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Event
DCD I2C2_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Error
DCD SPI1_IRQHandler ; SPI1
DCD SPI2_IRQHandler ; SPI2
DCD USART1_IRQHandler ; USART1
DCD USART2_IRQHandler ; USART2
DCD USART3_IRQHandler ; USART3
DCD EXTI15_10_IRQHandler ; External Line[15:10]s
DCD RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler ; RTC Alarm (A and B) through EXTI Line
DCD OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler ; USB OTG FS Wakeup through EXTI line
DCD TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Break and TIM12
DCD TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Update and TIM13
DCD TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Trigger and Commutation and TIM14
DCD TIM8_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Capture Compare
DCD DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream7
DCD FMC_IRQHandler ; FMC
DCD SDIO_IRQHandler ; SDIO
DCD TIM5_IRQHandler ; TIM5
DCD SPI3_IRQHandler ; SPI3
DCD UART4_IRQHandler ; UART4
DCD UART5_IRQHandler ; UART5
DCD TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler ; TIM6 and DAC1&2 underrun errors
DCD TIM7_IRQHandler ; TIM7
DCD DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 0
DCD DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 1
DCD DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 2
DCD DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 3
DCD DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 4
DCD ETH_IRQHandler ; Ethernet
DCD ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler ; Ethernet Wakeup through EXTI line
DCD CAN2_TX_IRQHandler ; CAN2 TX
DCD CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler ; CAN2 RX0
DCD CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN2 RX1
DCD CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN2 SCE
DCD OTG_FS_IRQHandler ; USB OTG FS
DCD DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 5
DCD DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 6
DCD DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 7
DCD USART6_IRQHandler ; USART6
DCD I2C3_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C3 event
DCD I2C3_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C3 error
DCD OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler ; USB OTG HS End Point 1 Out
DCD OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler ; USB OTG HS End Point 1 In
DCD OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler ; USB OTG HS Wakeup through EXTI
DCD OTG_HS_IRQHandler ; USB OTG HS
DCD DCMI_IRQHandler ; DCMI
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD HASH_RNG_IRQHandler ; Hash and Rng
DCD FPU_IRQHandler ; FPU
__Vectors_End//中断向量表结束的位置
__Vectors_Size EQU __Vectors_End - __Vectors//计算得出中断向量表的大小,赋值给__Vectors_Size
AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY//定义代码段,只读
//4-复位中断程序
Reset_Handler PROC//函数开始
EXPORT Reset_Handler [WEAK]//本函数外部可以应用,[WAKE]表示弱定义 与编译器Keil相关
IMPORT SystemInit//声明使用外部函数SystemInit
IMPORT __main//声明使用外部函数__main
LDR R0, =SystemInit//把函数地址赋值给寄存器R0
BLX R0//跳到R0地址处执行该地址上的函数SystemInit
LDR R0, =__main//把函数地址赋值给寄存器R0
BX R0//跳到R0地址处执行该地址上的函数__main
ENDP//函数结束
; Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loops which can be modified)
//5-中断服务函数
/*下面的函数一样,先声明可以外部使用,并可以在C语言中重新实现。实现了就执行C中实现的,没有实现, 就执行这里的。通过B.相当于while(1), 现象是卡死*/
NMI_Handler PROC
EXPORT NMI_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
HardFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT HardFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
MemManage_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT MemManage_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
BusFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT BusFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
UsageFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT UsageFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SVC_Handler PROC
EXPORT SVC_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
DebugMon_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT DebugMon_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
PendSV_Handler PROC
EXPORT PendSV_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SysTick_Handler PROC
EXPORT SysTick_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
Default_Handler PROC//函数开始
/*下面是中断的函数,先把符号声明为外部可以用,[WEAK] 代表弱应用。表示如果外部有该标号有定义则使用外部的函数来表示真正的中断处理函数*/
EXPORT WWDG_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT PVD_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FLASH_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RCC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ADC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_TX_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI9_5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI15_10_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FMC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SDIO_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ETH_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN2_TX_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT OTG_FS_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C3_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C3_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT OTG_HS_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DCMI_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT HASH_RNG_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FPU_IRQHandler [WEAK]
/*否则就使用下面的函数,来表示中断处理函数,下面的函数都是空的,没有任何有意义的执行指令,只会执行到B. 进入死循环中*/
WWDG_IRQHandler
PVD_IRQHandler
TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler
RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler
FLASH_IRQHandler
RCC_IRQHandler
EXTI0_IRQHandler
EXTI1_IRQHandler
EXTI2_IRQHandler
EXTI3_IRQHandler
EXTI4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler
ADC_IRQHandler
CAN1_TX_IRQHandler
CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler
CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler
CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler
EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler
TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler
TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler
TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
TIM2_IRQHandler
TIM3_IRQHandler
TIM4_IRQHandler
I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
SPI1_IRQHandler
SPI2_IRQHandler
USART1_IRQHandler
USART2_IRQHandler
USART3_IRQHandler
EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler
OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler
TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler
TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler
TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler
TIM8_CC_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler
FMC_IRQHandler
SDIO_IRQHandler
TIM5_IRQHandler
SPI3_IRQHandler
UART4_IRQHandler
UART5_IRQHandler
TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler
TIM7_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler
ETH_IRQHandler
ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler
CAN2_TX_IRQHandler
CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler
CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler
CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler
OTG_FS_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler
USART6_IRQHandler
I2C3_EV_IRQHandler
I2C3_ER_IRQHandler
OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler
OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler
OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler
OTG_HS_IRQHandler
DCMI_IRQHandler
HASH_RNG_IRQHandler
FPU_IRQHandler
B. //while(1)
ENDP//函数结束
ALIGN
//6- 堆栈的初始化,这个由c库函数_main来实现的,来确定堆和栈的起始地址
;*******************************************************************************
; User Stack and Heap initialization
;*******************************************************************************
IF :DEF:__MICROLIB//如果定义了__MICROLIB,则为真,否则为假,目前未定义,在Keil中的target中开启
//如果定义了,那么下面栈定指针,堆起始地址,堆结束地址,可以由外部程序来使用,定义
EXPORT __initial_sp
EXPORT __heap_base
EXPORT __heap_limit
ELSE
IMPORT __use_two_region_memory//使用外部函数 由用户自己实现堆栈地址的初始化,参考ARM Developement Tools
EXPORT __user_initial_stackheap//声明全局符号
__user_initial_stackheap
LDR R0, = Heap_Mem//堆的起始地址
LDR R1, =(Stack_Mem + Stack_Size)//栈的起始地址+栈的大小=栈的结束地址
LDR R2, = (Heap_Mem + Heap_Size)//堆的起始地址+堆的带下=堆的结束地址
LDR R3, = Stack_Mem//栈起始的地址
BX LR//跳到返回地址执行
ALIGN
ENDIF
END
;************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE*****
stm32f407的有片内flash和ram, 那么上面利用AREA 分配的区域,读写的一般位于RAM上,只读一般位于flash上
STACK 段和HEAP段是读写,位于RAM上,RAM的起始是0x20000000
RSET段和 .text段是只读,位于flash上 lash的起始地址是0x08000000
通过这两个图可以看出,0x8000000放的是RESET
在.s文件中定义的段
在map文件中查看RESET段的真实存储位置
在map文件中查看堆和栈的具体位置
可读写的数据在ram会从0x20000000的位置开始存放。首先存放datta段和bss段。当这些段存放完成后的结束地址就是堆的起始地址,如上图的HEAP,Heap_Mem。再根据.s文件中定义的堆的大小,堆的结束地址就确定了,紧挨着堆的就是栈的地址STACK, Stack_Mem,堆的大小也在.s文件中确定了,那么__initial_sp这个指向栈最高位置的地址也能确定了。如下图
总结:STM32启动文件,首先定义了栈和堆的大小,并在代码区定义中断向量表,表中第一个是栈顶地址,第二个是复位中段的程序的入口,Reset_Handler是系统上电后自动跳转至该处,然后开始执行其后的相关代码,其中_main并非C中的main函数,而是C库函数,其会初始化栈、堆,配置系统环境,在函数的最后调用用户编写的main函数,进入C的世界。
用户堆栈初始化由C库函数__main完成,__MICROLIB由KEIL里面开启,__use_two_region_memory由用户自己实现。
一般而言,系统上电后第一个执行的是由汇编所编写的启动文件,其主要工作为一下五部分:
(1)、初始化堆栈指针SP=_initial_sp
(2)、初始化PC指针,令其=Reset_Handler
(3)、初始化中断向量表
(4)、配置系统时钟 //位于system_stm32f4xx.c中的SystemInit()
(5)、调用C库函数_main初始化用户堆栈,从而最终调用main函数进入C的世界