分布式服务框架——Dobbo

发布时间：2024-03-20 19:01

Dubbo

Dubbo 最早是 Alibaba 开源的分布式服务框架，它最大的特点是按照分层的方式来架构，使用这种方式可以使各个层之间解耦合（或者最大限度地松耦合）。从服务模型的角度来看， Dubbo 采用的是一种非常简单的模型，要么是提供方提供服务，要么是消费方消费服务，所以基于这一点可以抽象出服务提供方（Provider）和服务消费方（Consumer）两个角色。

服务架构角色

Container：服务运行框架，dubbo完全基于spring实现
Provider：提供远程调用服务
Registry：服务注册和发布中心
Consumer：执行远程调用服务
Monitor：统计服务调用次数和调用时间的监控中心

服务开启流程

启动spring容器Container时会把Provider启动
然后将Provider相关信息注册到Registry里
Consumer从Registry中订阅Provider的信息
Registry将Provider的信息发送给Consumer
Consumer根据Registry通知的信息调用Provider中的方法
Consumer和Provider将调用次数信息异步发送给Monitor统计

Dubbo支持的协议

Dubbo协议

优点：采用 NIO 复用单一长连接，并使用线程池并发处理请求，减少握手和加大并发效率，性能较好（推荐使用）
缺点：大文件上传时,可能出现问题(不使用 Dubbo 文件上传)

RMI(Remote Method Invocation)协议

优点：JDK自带的
缺点：偶尔连接失败

Hessian协议

优点：可与原生Hessian互操作，基于HTTP协议
缺点：需hessian.jar支持，http短连接的开销大

Dubbo支持的注册中心

ZooKeeper

优点：支持分布式，周边产品多
缺点：受限于ZooKeeper软件的稳定性

Multicast

优点：去中心化，不需单独安装软件
缺点：Provider、Consumer、Registry不能跨机房（路由）

Redis

优点：支持集群，性能高
缺点：要求服务器时间同步，否则可能出现集群失败问题

Simple

优点：标准RPC服务，没有兼容问题
缺点：不支持集群

Dubbo应用

应用结构

parent：逻辑Maven工程，在pom文件中引入需要的依赖
api：继承parent工程，定义功能接口，以供provider实现，consumer调用
provider：继承parent工程，实现api中的接口功能
consumer：继承parent工程，调用api中的功能接口

创建Parent工程

pom文件


<project xmlns=\"http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0\"
         xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"
         xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd\">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.lanhgroupId>
    <artifactId>parentartifactId>
    <packaging>pompackaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
    <modules>
        <module>apimodule>
        <module>providermodule>
        <module>consumermodule>
    modules>

    <properties>
        <spring.version>5.2.5.RELEASEspring.version>
        <dubbo.version>2.7.6dubbo.version>
        <curator.version>4.2.0curator.version>
        <registry-zookeeper.version>2.7.6registry-zookeeper.version>
        <servlet.version>3.1.0servlet.version>
        <jsp.version>2.0jsp.version>
        <jstl.version>1.2jstl.version>
    properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-contextartifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}version>
            dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}version>
            dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId>
                <artifactId>dubboartifactId>
                <version>${dubbo.version}version>
            dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId>
                <artifactId>dubbo-registry-zookeeperartifactId>
                <version>${registry-zookeeper.version}version>
            dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.curatorgroupId>
                <artifactId>curator-frameworkartifactId>
                <version>${curator.version}version>
            dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
                <artifactId>javax.servlet-apiartifactId>
                <version>${servlet.version}version>
                <scope>providedscope>
            dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet.jspgroupId>
                <artifactId>jsp-apiartifactId>
                <version>${jsp.version}version>
                <scope>providedscope>
            dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
                <artifactId>jstlartifactId>
                <version>${jstl.version}version>
            dependency>
        dependencies>
    dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.mavengroupId>
                    <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-pluginartifactId>
                    <version>2.2version>
                plugin>
            plugins>
        pluginManagement>
    build>

project>

创建api项目

创建功能接口

public interface DemoDubboService {
    String showMsg(String msg);
}

创建provider项目

配置pom文件

<dependencies>
     <dependency>
         <groupId>com.lanhgroupId>
         <artifactId>apiartifactId>
         <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
     dependency>

     <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
         <artifactId>spring-contextartifactId>
     dependency>

     <dependency>
         <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId>
         <artifactId>dubboartifactId>
     dependency>

     <dependency>
         <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId>
         <artifactId>dubbo-registry-zookeeperartifactId>
     dependency>

     <dependency>
         <groupId>org.apache.curatorgroupId>
         <artifactId>curator-frameworkartifactId>
     dependency>
 dependencies>

注意：provider项目和consumer项目都要依赖api项目

实现接口

package com.lanh.dubbo.service.impl;

import com.lanh.dubbo.service.DemoDubboService;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.Service;

/**
 * @Author Lanh
 **/
@Service
public class DemoDubboServiceImpl implements DemoDubboService {
    public String showMsg(String msg) {
        return \"Helle Dubbo \"+msg;
    }
}

需要注意的是，这里使用到的注解@Service不是spring中的注解，而是dubbo的注解

编写启动类

package com.lanh.dubbo;

import org.apache.dubbo.container.Main;

/**
 * Dubbo的启动类
 * @Author Lanh
 **/
public class Start {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Main.main(args);
    }
}

配置文件xml


<beans xmlns=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans\"
       xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"
       xmlns:dubbo=\"http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo\"
       xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo
       http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd\">

    
    <dubbo:application name=\"myProvider\" />

    
    <dubbo:registry address=\"ip:2181,ip:2182,ip:2183\" protocol=\"zookeeper\" timeout=\"10000\"/>

    
    <dubbo:protocol name=\"dubbo\" port=\"2002\" />





    
    <dubbo:annotation package=\"com.lanh.dubbo.service.impl\" />

beans>

注意：

该配置文件必须放到resources/META-INF/spring/*.xml
配置文件中配置注册中心时的ip，需要替换成自己zookeeper的ip
在前面我有提及@Service注解，这个对应着是注解开发，另外一种xml开发的形式，我也以注释的形式写在了xml文件

创建consumer项目

web项目是在spring中不需要写启动类，是通过tomcat插件启动的

定义Service接口

package com.lanh.service;

public interface DemoService {
    String showInfo(String msg);
}

实现Service接口

package com.lanh.service.impl;

import com.lanh.dubbo.service.DemoDubboService;
import com.lanh.service.DemoService;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.Reference;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * Consumer的业务层
 * @Author Lanh
 **/
@Service
public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {

    @Reference
    private DemoDubboService demoDubboService;

    public String showInfo(String msg) {
        return this.demoDubboService.showMsg(msg);
    }
}

注意：

这里使用到的@Service不同于provider，这个是spring框架的注解

同时，这里进行注入时，因为这个不是本地的服务，使用的也不再是@Autowire注解，而是dubbo远程调用的@Reference注解

页面跳转

package com.lanh.web.controller;

import com.lanh.service.DemoService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Author Lanh
 **/
@RestController
public class DemoController {

    @Autowired
    private DemoService demoService;

    @RequestMapping(\"/getMsg\")
    public String getMsg(String str){
        return this.demoService.showInfo(str);
    }
}

配置文件
applicationContext-spring.xml


<beans xmlns=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans\"
    xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"
    xmlns:dubbo=\"http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo\"
    xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
    http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd\">
    
    <dubbo:application name=\"myConsumer\" />
    
    <dubbo:registry address=\"192.168.126.128:2181,192.168.126.128:2182,192.168.126.128:2183\" protocol=\"zookeeper\" timeout=\"10000\"/>
    
    <dubbo:annotation package=\"com.lanh.service.impl\"/>
beans>

applicationContext-service.xml


<beans xmlns=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans\"
    xmlns:context=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/context\"
    xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"
    xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd\">
    <context:component-scan base-package=\"com.lanh.service\" />

beans>

springmvc.xml


<beans xmlns=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans\"
       xmlns:context=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/context\"
       xmlns:mvc=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc\"
       xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"
       xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd\">
    <context:component-scan base-package=\"com.lanh.web.controller\" />
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <bean class=\"org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver\">
        <property name=\"prefix\" value=\"/WEB-INF/jsp/\"/>
        <property name=\"suffix\" value=\".jsp\"/>
    bean>
beans>

web.xml


<web-app xmlns=\"http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"
         xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd\"
         version=\"3.0\">

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring/applicationContext-*.xmlparam-value>
    context-param>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListenerlistener-class>
    listener>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvcservlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
        servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring/springmvc.xmlparam-value>
        init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
    servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvcservlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/url-pattern>
    servlet-mapping>

    
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodeFilterfilter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encodingparam-name>
            <param-value>utf-8param-value>
        init-param>
    filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodeFilterfilter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
    filter-mapping>
web-app>

SpringBoot整合

创建api，maven项目即可

设置功能接口

package com.lanh.dubbo.service;

public interface DemoDubboService {
    String showMsg(String str);
}

创建provider项目

配置pom文件


<project xmlns=\"http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"
         xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd\">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
        <version>2.2.0.RELEASEversion>
        <relativePath/> 
    parent>
    <groupId>com.lanhgroupId>
    <artifactId>springbootdubbo_providerartifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
    <name>springbootdubbo_providername>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Bootdescription>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8java.version>
    properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.lanhgroupId>
            <artifactId>springbootdubbo_apiartifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starterartifactId>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
            <version>2.7.6version>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-registry-zookeeperartifactId>
            <version>2.7.6version>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
            <scope>testscope>
        dependency>
    dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>
            plugin>
        plugins>
    build>

project>

实现api的接口

package com.lanh.springbootdubbo_provider.service.impl;

import com.lanh.dubbo.service.DemoDubboService;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.Service;

/**
 * @Author Lanh
 **/

@Service
public class DemoDubboServiceImpl implements DemoDubboService {
    @Override
    public String showMsg(String str) {
        return \"Hello Dubbo \"+str;
    }
}

再说一次这个是@Service是dubbo的注解

创建启动类
springboot自带了启动类，不需要再使用dubbo的启动类

package com.lanh.springbootdubbo_provider;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootdubboProviderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootdubboProviderApplication.class, args);
    }

}

配置application.yml

#指定服务的名称
dubbo:
  application:
    name: myProvider
  registry:
    address: 192.168.126.128:2181,192.168.126.128:2182,192.168.126.128:2183
    protocol: zookeeper
    timeout: 10000
  #配置服务所使用的协议
  protocol:
    name: dubbo
    port: 2002
  scan:
    base-packages: com.lanh.springbootdubbo_provider.service.impl

创建consumer项目

配置pom依赖


<project xmlns=\"http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"
         xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd\">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
        <version>2.2.0.RELEASEversion>
        <relativePath/> 
    parent>
    <groupId>com.lanhgroupId>
    <artifactId>springbootdubbo_consumerartifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
    <name>springbootdubbo_consumername>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Bootdescription>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8java.version>
    properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.lanhgroupId>
            <artifactId>springbootdubbo_apiartifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logbackgroupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classicartifactId>
            <version>1.2.3version>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
            <version>2.7.6version>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-registry-zookeeperartifactId>
            <version>2.7.6version>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.slf4jgroupId>
                    <artifactId>slf4j-apiartifactId>
                exclusion>
            exclusions>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
            <scope>testscope>
        dependency>
    dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>
            plugin>
        plugins>
    build>

project>

定义Service接口

package com.lanh.springbootdubbo_consumer.service;

public interface DemoService {
    String getMsg(String str);
}

实现Service接口

package com.lanh.springbootdubbo_consumer.service.impl;

import com.lanh.dubbo.service.DemoDubboService;
import com.lanh.springbootdubbo_consumer.service.DemoService;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.Reference;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * @Author Lanh
 **/

@Service
public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {

    @Reference
    private DemoDubboService demoDubboService;

    @Override
    public String getMsg(String str) {
        return this.demoDubboService.showMsg(str);
    }
}

再说一次：这个@Service是spring中的注解，用@Reference而不用@Autowire

配置页面跳转逻辑

package com.lanh.springbootdubbo_consumer.controller;

import com.lanh.springbootdubbo_consumer.service.DemoService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Author Lanh
 **/

@RestController
public class DemoController {

    @Autowired
    private DemoService demoService;

    @RequestMapping(\"/getMsg\")
    public String getMsg(String str){
        return this.demoService.getMsg(str);
    }
}

springboot的启动类

package com.lanh.springbootdubbo_consumer;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootdubboConsumerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootdubboConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

配置application.yml

#指定服务的名称
dubbo:
  application:
    name: myConsumer
  registry:
    address: 192.168.126.128:2181,192.168.126.128:2182,192.168.126.128:2183
    protocol: zookeeper
    timeout: 10000
  #配置服务所使用的协议
  protocol:
    name: dubbo

至此结束，欢迎各位小伙伴讨论

分布式服务框架——Dobbo

Dubbo

服务架构角色

服务开启流程

Dubbo支持的协议

Dubbo协议

RMI(Remote Method Invocation)协议

Hessian协议

Dubbo支持的注册中心

ZooKeeper

Multicast

Redis

Simple

Dubbo应用

创建Parent工程

创建api项目

创建provider项目

创建consumer项目

SpringBoot整合

创建api，maven项目即可

创建provider项目

创建consumer项目

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