mysql必知必会学习笔记&mysql经典练习题

Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction

mysql> show  processlist;
#当前运行的所有事务
mysql> SELECT * FROM information_schema.INNODB_TRX;

#当前出现的锁
mysql> SELECT * FROM information_schema.INNODB_LOCKs;

#锁等待的对应关系
mysql> SELECT * FROM information_schema.INNODB_LOCK_waits;

Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction

另外一个方案

修改字段中null为0，并设置默认值为0

--update null value rows
UPDATE enterprise
SET creation_date = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
WHERE creation_date IS NULL;


ALTER TABLE enterprise 
MODIFY creation_date TIMESTAMP NOT NULL 
DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;

内联结

比如表B和表A中的字段都有id字段，B中的id字段来源于A，就可以用 WHERE B.id=A.id来建立内联结
子查询：

SELECT cust_name, cust_contact FROM Customers WHERE cust_id IN
(SELECT cust_id FROM Orders WHERE order_num IN (SELECT order_num
FROM OrderItems WHERE prod_id = \'RGAN01\'));

联结

SELECT cust_name, cust_contact FROM Customers, Orders, OrderItems
WHERE Customers.cust_id = Orders.cust_id AND OrderItems.order_num =
Orders.order_num AND prod_id = \'RGAN01\';

别名

SELECT c1.cust_id, c1.cust_name, c1.cust_contact FROM Customers AS
c1, Customers AS c2 WHERE c1.cust_name = c2.cust_name AND
c2.cust_contact = \'Jim Jones\';

等效语句：

SELECT cust_id, cust_name, cust_contact FROM Customers WHERE
cust_name = (SELECT cust_name FROM Customers WHERE cust_contact =
\'Jim Jones\');

组合查询

多数情况下，组合相同表的两个查询所完成的工作与具有多个WHERE子句条件的一个
查询所完成的工作相同。换句话说，任何具有多个WHERE子句的SELECT语句都可以
作为一个组合查询，在下面可以看到这一点。

SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, cust_email FROM Customers WHERE
cust_state IN (\'IL\',\'IN\',\'MI\');
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, cust_email FROM Customers WHERE
cust_name = \'Fun4All\';

等效用组合查询：

SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, cust_email FROM Customers WHERE
cust_state IN (\'IL\',\'IN\',\'MI\') UNION SELECT cust_name,
cust_contact, cust_email FROM Customers WHERE cust_name =
\'Fun4All\';

union会自动取消结果重复的数据，如果需要重复，则用unio all

插入数据

标准语句：

INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city,
cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country) VALUES(\'1000000006\', \'Toy
Land\', \'123 Any Street\', \'New York\', \'NY\', \'11111\', \'USA\');

插入检索出的语句：

INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_contact, cust_email, cust_name,cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country) SELECT
cust_id, cust_contact, cust_email, cust_name, cust_address,
cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country FROM CustNew;

这个例子从一个名为CustNew的表中读出数据并插入到Customers表
导出数据:

SELECT * INTO CustCopy FROM Customers;

此处将customers中的数据导入到CustCopy中

更新、删除数据

最复杂的地方在于查询，掌握了查询，更新、删除不过是建立在查询上的一条命令罢了。
更新基本语句:

UPDATE Customers SET cust_email = \'kim@thetoystore.com\' WHERE
cust_id = \'1000000005\';

删除基本语句：

DELETE FROM Customers WHERE cust_id = \'1000000006\';

不要把NULL值与空字符串相混淆。NULL值是没有值，不是空字符串。如果指
定’’（两个单引号，其间没有字符），这在NOT NULL列中是允许的。空字符串是一
个有效的值，它不是无值。NULL值用关键字NULL而不是空字符串指定。

插入中文报错

ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: \'\\xD5\\xD4\\xC0\\xD7\' for column \'Sname\' at row 1

解决方案：

set character_set_client = gbk;
set names gbk;

stack回答
主要参考

查看数据库表最近更新时间

SELECT TABLE_NAME, UPDATE_TIME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA. TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = \'awifi_capacity\' and TABLE_NAME like \'capacity_ip%\';

经典五十题解答

50题链接
1、查询和\" 01 \"号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息

select student.* from student where student.sid in (select sid from sc group by sid having count(*)=(select count(cid) as classnum from sc group by sid having sid=01) and sid !=01);

针对题目的特殊性，课程最多只有3门，01选择了三门，只要匹配课程数为3的学生即可，如果此时有4门课程，01只选择了3门，匹配数字就不对了
2、查询至少有一门课与学号为\" 01 \"的同学所学相同的同学的信息

select student.* from student where student.sid in (select sid from sc where cid in (select cid from sc where sid=01) and sid !=01);

3、查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

select student.* from student where student.sid not in (select sid from sc group by sid having count(*)=(select count(cid) from course));

核心还是找出学满3门课程的sid，利用not in直接找出
4、查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息
先看一种复杂的做法：

select student.* from student where student.sid in (select sc.sid from sc where sc.cid in (select cid from course where course.tid= (select tid from teacher where tname=\'张三\')));

这种思路就是不断的用子查询，提取出关键字段进行匹配
其实完全不用这么麻烦，因为他们之间表都有各自公共匹配的字段比如cid,sid

select student.*
from teacher  ,course  ,student,sc
where teacher.Tname=\'张三\'
and   teacher.TId=course.TId
and   course.CId=sc.CId
and   sc.SId=student.SId

5、查询有成绩的学生
直接sc表和student表中的sid匹配即可，但要用distinct和student.*

select distinct student.* from student,sc where student.sid =sc.sid;

6、查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为null)
这题稍微复杂一点，需要聚合函数和左联结，其实也是比较基本，核心思路用好group by，根据sid分组，求出每组的和，课程总数，这时已经有了sid就可以查出学生的基本信息，一个子查询就可以搞定

mysql> select sid, sum(score) as sum, count(*)as classnum from sc group by sid;
+------+-------+----------+
| sid  | sum   | classnum |
+------+-------+----------+
| 01   | 269.0 |        3 |
| 02   | 210.0 |        3 |
| 03   | 240.0 |        3 |
| 04   | 100.0 |        3 |
| 05   | 163.0 |        2 |
| 06   |  65.0 |        2 |
| 07   | 187.0 |        2 |
+------+-------+----------+

mysql> select result.*,student.* from student ,(select sid, sum(score) as sum, count(*)as classnum from sc group by sid )as result where student.sid=result.sid;
+------+-------+----------+------+-------+---------------------+------+
| sid  | sum   | classnum | SId  | Sname | Sage                | Ssex |
+------+-------+----------+------+-------+---------------------+------+
| 01   | 269.0 |        3 | 01   | 赵雷  | 1990-01-01 00:00:00 | 男   |
| 02   | 210.0 |        3 | 02   | 钱电  | 1990-12-21 00:00:00 | 男   |
| 03   | 240.0 |        3 | 03   | 孙风  | 1990-05-20 00:00:00 | 男   |
| 04   | 100.0 |        3 | 04   | 李云  | 1990-08-06 00:00:00 | 男   |
| 05   | 163.0 |        2 | 05   | 周梅  | 1991-12-01 00:00:00 | 女   |
| 06   |  65.0 |        2 | 06   | 吴兰  | 1992-03-01 00:00:00 | 女   |
| 07   | 187.0 |        2 | 07   | 郑竹  | 1989-07-01 00:00:00 | 女   |
+------+-------+----------+------+-------+---------------------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

7、查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
一样也是使用group，和avg函数，

mysql> select avg(score) as average from sc group by sid having average >60;
+----------+
| average  |
+----------+
| 89.66667 |
| 70.00000 |
| 80.00000 |
| 81.50000 |
| 93.50000 |
+----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

这只是找到了平均分大于60的，我们还要取出sid去跟student匹配

mysql> select student.* from student,(select sid,avg(score) as average from sc group by sid having average >60)as result where student.sid in (result.sid);
+------+-------+---------------------+------+
| SId  | Sname | Sage                | Ssex |
+------+-------+---------------------+------+
| 01   | 赵雷  | 1990-01-01 00:00:00 | 男   |
| 02   | 钱电  | 1990-12-21 00:00:00 | 男   |
| 03   | 孙风  | 1990-05-20 00:00:00 | 男   |
| 05   | 周梅  | 1991-12-01 00:00:00 | 女   |
| 07   | 郑竹  | 1989-07-01 00:00:00 | 女   |
+------+-------+---------------------+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

8、查询不存在\" 01 “课程但存在” 02 \"课程的学生情况
这是一个差集，也比较简单

mysql> select student.* from student where student.sid in (select sc.sid from sc where sc.sid not in (select sc.sid from sc where sc.cid=01) and sc.cid=02);
+------+-------+---------------------+------+
| SId  | Sname | Sage                | Ssex |
+------+-------+---------------------+------+
| 07   | 郑竹  | 1989-07-01 00:00:00 | 女   |
+------+-------+---------------------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

9、查询存在\" 01 “课程但可能不存在” 02 \"课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )
这里考察的left join的使用，left join为以左边的数据表作为查找基础，如果右边的数据表里查不到左边表中的字段数据会记为null
内联结，左联结详情

mysql> select * from (select * from sc where cid=01) as t1 left join (select *from sc where cid=02) t2 on t1.sid=t2.sid;
+------+------+-------+------+------+-------+
| SId  | CId  | score | SId  | CId  | score |
+------+------+-------+------+------+-------+
| 01   | 01   |  80.0 | 01   | 02   |  90.0 |
| 02   | 01   |  70.0 | 02   | 02   |  60.0 |
| 03   | 01   |  80.0 | 03   | 02   |  80.0 |
| 04   | 01   |  50.0 | 04   | 02   |  30.0 |
| 05   | 01   |  76.0 | 05   | 02   |  87.0 |
| 06   | 01   |  31.0 | NULL | NULL |  NULL |
+------+------+-------+------+------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

10、查询没学过\"张三\"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

mysql> select sname,student.sid from student where student.sid not in (select sc.sid from sc where sc.cid = (select cid from course where course.tid = (select teacher.tid from teacher where tname = \'张三\')));
+-------+------+
| sname | sid  |
+-------+------+
| 吴兰  | 06   |
| 张三  | 09   |
| 李四  | 10   |
| 李四  | 11   |
| 赵六  | 12   |
| 孙七  | 13   |
+-------+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

这里一样是一层一层的往上扒，先根据老师的名字去teacher表里查出他的课程id也就是cid，这时只要在分数表sc里找到含有该cid的sid，之后取个差集，也就是在student表里的sid不等于在sc表里查到的sid便是没选该老师课程的学生，这样差集的话也一样包含了没有选课的学生，这里的纰漏就是把根本没上过任何课的人也包含进来了，实际数据统计时这些应该算是无效数据，其实这里题目做个限定更好，查询有上过课但是没有选张三老师的学生信息，这样就排除了没上课的人。

mysql> select sname,student.sid from student where student.sid not in (select sc.sid from sc where sc.cid = (select cid from course where course.tid = (select teacher.tid from teacher where tname = \'张三\'))) and student.sid in (select sc.sid from sc);
+-------+------+
| sname | sid  |
+-------+------+
| 吴兰  | 06   |
+-------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

11、查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩

mysql> select sid,avg(score) as average,count(score) from sc where sc.score<60 group by sid having count(score)>=2;
+------+----------+--------------+
| sid  | average  | count(score) |
+------+----------+--------------+
| 04   | 33.33333 |            3 |
| 06   | 32.50000 |            2 |
+------+----------+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

12、检索\" 01 \"课程分数小于 60，按分数降序排列的学生信息
这个题目改为升序更好，mysql默认就是降序的

mysql> select student.*, result.score from student,(select sid, score from sc where score<60 and cid=01 order by score asc)as result where student.sid =result.sid order by result.score asc;
+------+-------+---------------------+------+-------+
| SId  | Sname | Sage                | Ssex | score |
+------+-------+---------------------+------+-------+
| 06   | 吴兰  | 1992-03-01 00:00:00 | 女   |  31.0 |
| 04   | 李云  | 1990-08-06 00:00:00 | 男   |  50.0 |
+------+-------+---------------------+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

13、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的信息以及平均成绩

mysql> select student.*, result.average from student,(select sid,avg(score) as average,count(score) from sc group by sid)as result where student.sid = result.sid order by average;
+------+-------+---------------------+------+----------+
| SId  | Sname | Sage                | Ssex | average  |
+------+-------+---------------------+------+----------+
| 06   | 吴兰  | 1992-03-01 00:00:00 | 女   | 32.50000 |
| 04   | 李云  | 1990-08-06 00:00:00 | 男   | 33.33333 |
| 02   | 钱电  | 1990-12-21 00:00:00 | 男   | 70.00000 |
| 03   | 孙风  | 1990-05-20 00:00:00 | 男   | 80.00000 |
| 05   | 周梅  | 1991-12-01 00:00:00 | 女   | 81.50000 |
| 01   | 赵雷  | 1990-01-01 00:00:00 | 男   | 89.66667 |
| 07   | 郑竹  | 1989-07-01 00:00:00 | 女   | 93.50000 |
+------+-------+---------------------+------+----------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

14、求各科成绩平均分，最高低分
以如下形式显示：课程 ID，课程 name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率
及格为>=60，中等为：70-80，优良为：80-90，优秀为：>=90
要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列
一点点来化解这个题目，先从求最高低分，平均分开始解决

mysql> select cname ,result.* from course,(select cid,avg(score)as average, max(score)as max,min(score)as min from sc group by cid)as result where course.cid = result.cid;
+-------+------+----------+------+------+
| cname | cid  | average  | max  | min  |
+-------+------+----------+------+------+
| 语文  | 01   | 64.50000 | 80.0 | 31.0 |
| 数学  | 02   | 72.66667 | 90.0 | 30.0 |
| 英语  | 03   | 68.50000 | 99.0 | 20.0 |
+-------+------+----------+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

sql执行日志

mysql -uroot -p -Dtest -tee=/tmp/mysql.log
# 注：这种如果在连接后删除了文件,日志文件不会被重建,除非重新连接
#在终端内执行
tee /tmp/mysql.log
-- 取消输出到日志
notee

批量清空库里的表

select CONCAT(\'truncate table \',table_schema,\'.\',TABLE_NAME, \';\') from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES where table_schema in (\'awifi_alf\') AND table_name LIKE \'wii_user%\';

先执行以上语句后，mysql命令行会显示语句，将其复制出来进行字符替换处理，再复制回去执行

MariaDB [awifi_capacity]> select CONCAT(\'truncate table \',table_schema,\'.\',TABLE_NAME, \';\') from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES where table_schema in (\'awifi_capacity\');
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 CONCAT(\'truncate table \',table_schema,\'.\',TABLE_NAME, \';\')                     
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_adaptor_config;                         
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_adaptor_param;                          
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_adaptor_param_fufu;                     
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_biz_log;                                
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_common_third_app;                       
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_ip_control;                             
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_ip_control_api;                         
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_ip_control_capacity;                    
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_ip_control_item;                        
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_operate_action;                         
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_operate_log;                            
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_portal_modules;                         
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_portal_modules_type;                    
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_portal_site;                            
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_portal_types_modules;                   
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_pricing_strategy;                       
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_pub_api;                                
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_pub_api_copy;                           
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_pub_api_copy2;                          
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_pub_api_group;                          
 truncate table awifi_capacity.capacity_pub_api_status;